Abstract: Based on the daily data of PM₁₀ for Fuzhou,synchronous data of surface meteorological elements and synoptic chart data of 8 am at 850 hPa from 2004 to 2006 and the variation characteristics of meteorological conditions during the mutation process of PM₁₀ are comprehensively analyzed with statistical analysis methods. The results show that when surface meteorological elements are allocated such that surface pressure falls,wind speed decreases,temperature and relative humidity increase and precipitation reduces,or that surface pressure goes up,wind speed decreases,temperature lowers,relative humidity decreases and precipitation reduces,it is easy for PM₁₀ to have positive mutation. When surface pressure goes up,wind speed rises,temperature lowers,relative humidity remains unchanged and precipitation increases,or when surface pressure falls,wind speed rises,temperature and relative humidity increase and precipitation increases,it is easy for PM₁₀ to have negative mutation. PM₁₀ is more likely to have positive mutations when influenced by the posterior of a continental high pressure or the warm sector of a convergence system; it is more likely to negative mutations while influenced by a shear line or the anterior of a continental high pressure.