CLIMATIC EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIPOLE MODE OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN THE TROPICAL INDIAN OCEAN
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摘要: 利用1960年1月—2008年12月共49 a的SODA资料和滑动EOF方法，对热带印度洋海表面温度异常 (SSTA) 偶极子模态 (IODM) 的气候演变特征进行了分析。结果表明：(1) 热带印度洋SSTA在间隔1 a，长度为10 a的滑动过程中IODM空间型经历了由南北向偶极子向东西向偶极子分布的演变，并非总是呈东西向的分布；(2) 在南北向偶极子期间，10 °S以北 (以南) 的热带印度洋SST总体上是降温 (升温) 的，而在东西向偶极子期间，热带东 (西) 印度洋SST总体上呈现准年代际尺度的升 (降) 温与降 (升) 温交替变化特征；(3) IODM还存在4次明显的准年代际变化，时间分别出现在1976、1987、1994和2005年；(4) IODM的方差贡献率与滑动EOF第一模态间有一种反位相变化的趋势。Abstract: Based on a total of 49a SODA data from January 1960 to December 2008, the climatic evolution characteristics of the tropical Indian Ocean dipole mode (IODM) of sea surface temperature are studied. The main results are as follows:(1) The IODM spatial patterns derived from the moving EOF (empirical orthogonal function) with 1a interval and 10a length do not always show the well-known distribution of the east-west dipole, but has an evolution from a south-north dipole to an east-west one; (2) In the case of the south-north dipole, the SST north (south) of 10 °S shows overall warming (cooling). For the east-west dipole, meanwhile, the SST in the tropical eastern (western) IO shows alternate variations of warming (cooling) and cooling (warming) on quasi-decadal timescales; (3) There are also four quasi-decadal variations in IODM, occurring in 1976, 1987, 1994 and 2005 respectively; (4) There is a reverse trend between the variance rate of the second mode (the IODM) and that of the first mode, in moving EOF.
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Key words:
- tropical Indian Ocean /
- SSTA /
- moving EOF /
- IODM /
- spatial-temporal evolution
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图 7 1960—2008年IOD指数 (a1)、IOD指数的小波谱 (a2)；西印度洋 (50~70 °E，10 °S~10 °N) 与东南印度洋 (90~120 °E，30~10 °S) 区域平均SSTA之差 (b1)；b1中序列的小波谱 (b2)
横坐标为年份。a1、b1中的直线为零等值线；a2、b2中的值均为原值的106之一。
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