西北太平洋热带气旋快速增强阶段的风速分布特征

徐威; 周顺武; 葛旭阳; 马悦

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2017.02.012

西北太平洋热带气旋快速增强阶段的风速分布特征

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2017.02.012

徐威¹,
周顺武^1, ,,
葛旭阳¹,
马悦^{1, 2}

1.
南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室，江苏南京 210044
2.
上海市气候中心，上海 200030

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41575056

国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 2015CB452803

中国气象局公益性行业科研专项 GYHY201506007

详细信息

通讯作者:
周顺武，男，四川省人，教授，博士，研究方向：季风动力学研究。E-mail: zhou@nuist.edu.cn

中图分类号: P444
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-10-29
- 修回日期: 2016-11-16
- 刊出日期: 2017-04-01

Wind Speed Distribution Features of Rapidly Intensifying Tropical Cyclones in Northwest Pacific

Wei XU¹,
Shun-wu ZHPU^{1
, ,},
Xu-yang GE¹,
Yue MA^{1, 2}

1.
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
2.
Shanghai Climate Center, Shanghai 200030, China

摘要

摘要: 利用联合台风预警中心的最优路径（best-track）资料，筛选出西北太平洋地区快速增强和非快速增强两类热带气旋样本。利用美国国家海洋与大气管理局（NOAA）的多平台热带气旋表面风分析资料，对比分析了两类样本的风速和涡度的分布特征。结果显示，快速增强的热带气旋样本通常结构更紧凑，最大风速较大，最大风速半径较小，台风内区的风速较大。在涡度上表现为快速增强热带气旋样本内区的涡度和涡度梯度较大。对两类样本进行t检验，结果显示两类样本内区的切向风差异明显，说明热带气旋的内区风速分布与其发展之间存在密切联系。其物理机制可能是：当存在较大的内区涡度梯度时，涡度隔离机制有利于对流单体向涡旋中心汇聚，此外较大的涡度意味着较大的惯性稳定度，有利于非绝热加热向热带气旋动能的转换，二者共同作用有利于热带气旋的快速发展。
- 热带气旋 /
- 风速分布 /
- 快速增强
Abstract: Two categories of tropical cyclone (TC) cases, rapidly intensifying (RI) and non-rapidly intensifying (non-RI) TC cases, are selected according to best-track data from Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Then by using Multiplatform Tropical Cyclone Surface Wind Analysis (MTCSWA) data, different wind speed distribution features and vorticity structure features between RI and non-RI TC cases in the northwest Pacific are analyzed. It is found that there exist significant differences in the TC inner-core structure, Thelarger the compact of TC is, the faster the intensification rate will be. Specifically, the TCs with stronger inner-core vorticity and larger vorticity gradient are more likely to develop rapidly. It is speculated that the larger vorticity gradient of RI cases accelerates convective bursts near the TC to merge through vorticity segregation processes. Meanwhile, greater vorticity implies greater inertial stability, which is helpful for diabatic heating to convert to kinetic energy of TCs. Both of these two factors are conducive to TC development.
- tropical cyclone /
- wind speed distribution /
- rapid intensification

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图 1 台风“莫拉克”表面风场（2009年8月5日12时）

等值线为全风速，单位：knot。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 台风“莫拉克”方位角平均的表面切向风

（2009年8月5日12时）横坐标为离台风中心距离，即半径，单位：km；纵坐标为切向风速，单位：knot。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 快速增强样本（虚线）和非快速增强样本（实线）平均最大风速演变

单位：knot。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 快速增强样本（三角）和非快速增强样本（圆点）的S参数和24 h风速变化（dV）分布

横坐标为S参数值；纵坐标为24 h风速变化，单位：knot。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 快速增强样本（虚线）和非快速增强样本（实线）方位角平均的表面切向风分布

横坐标为离台风中心距离，即半径，单位：km；纵坐标为切向风速，单位：knot。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 快速增强样本和非快速增强样本的切向风速t检验分布横坐标为半径，单位：km；长虚线为显著性水平α=0.05的t检验临界值。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 快速增强样本（虚线）和非快速增强样本（实线）方位角平均的相对涡度分布特征

横坐标为半径，单位：km；纵坐标为相对涡度，单位：1×10^-4 s^-1。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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