THE EVOLUTION FEATURES AND MECHANISMS OF THE INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE WITH/WITHOUT EL NIñO
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摘要: 基于NCEP、SODA等再分析资料,采用合成分析和2.5层简化海洋模型数值模拟等方法,分析了El Niño和正印度洋偶极子(IOD)事件不同配置情形下印度洋海温异常的演变特征,并重点探讨了联合IOD和独立IOD事件中,关键海区海温异常的发展演变及其可能机制。对于联合IOD事件,初期马里沿岸的增暖可能对其发生起主要的激发作用;而对于独立IOD事件的发生,则可能是赤道东南印度洋的降温起主导作用。不同类型IOD事件中,热带印度洋海表温度异常(SSTA)和海面高度异常(SSHA)的演变特征有明显差别,孟加拉湾上空降水异常所起的作用也不一样,印度洋不同海区混合层温度异常的演变机制也有显著不同。基于2.5层简化海洋模式结果的分析表明,各个海区的热力、动力过程在不同IOD事件有着不同的作用。例如在索马里沿岸海区:对于联合IOD事件,西印度洋赤道东风异常和索马里沿岸东北风异常,有利于该海区出现纬向平流热输送和海表热通量正异常,从而增暖。而对于独立IOD事件,阿拉伯海上空的强西南风异常,加强了索马里沿岸底层冷水的上翻和海表的热通量损失,导致前期纬向平流和夹卷混合的负异常以及后期海表热通量的负异常,使得该海区变冷。
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关键词:
- 厄尔尼诺(El Niño) /
- 印度洋偶极子(IOD) /
- 演变特征 /
- 2.5层简化海洋模型 /
- 演变机制
Abstract: Based on various reanalysis data of NCEP and SODA, and combined with composite analysis and numerical simulation, the evolution features of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in Indian Ocean during the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events with or without El Niño are studied. The development and mechanism of the ocean temperature anomalies in the key area are also intensively discussed. Warming along the coast of Somalia in the initial period may excite the IOD events with El Niño (CO El Niño-IOD), while negative SSTA in the southeast Indian Ocean plays an important role in the occurrence of IOD events without El Niño (Pure IOD). There are great differences between CO El Niño-IOD and Pure IOD, such as SSTA and SSHA in tropical Indian Ocean, rainfall anomaly over the Bay of Bengal and evolution mechanism of SSTA in the mixed-layer in various areas. The simulation results in the 2.5-layer simplified ocean model also show that the thermodynamic and dynamic processes will play different roles for different IOD events. Take the region along the Somali coast for example: In the CO El Niño-IOD, equatorial easterly anomalies in western Indian Ocean and northeast wind along the Somali coast are conducive to the zonal advection of heat transport and positive sea surface heat flux anomaly, leading to warming in this region. In Pure IOD, meanwhile, strong southwestern wind anomaly of the Arabian Sea makes Somali coast strengthen the upwelling of cold water and the loss of sea surface heat flux, which leads to negative zonal advection and entrainment anomaly in the early stage, and negative sea surface heat fluxes anomaly in the late stage, and eventually cools the sea. -
图 13 同图12,但为独立IOD事件
表 1 El Niño事件及正IOD事件对应年份
联合(CO El Niño)IOD 独立(Pure) El Niño 独立(Puxe)IOD 1902 1904 1918 1925 1951 1963 1965 1905 1913 1914 1930 1940 1941 1957 1923 1926 1945 1946 1972 1977 1982 1991 1994 1997 2006 1976 1979 1986 1987 2002 2004 2009 1948 1966 1967 2003 -
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