1522强台风“彩虹”螺旋雨带中衍生龙卷的超级单体演变与机理研究Ⅱ:回波结构和钩状回波形成机理

王炳赟; 魏鸣; 范广洲; 杜爱军

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2018.04.005

1522强台风“彩虹”螺旋雨带中衍生龙卷的超级单体演变与机理研究Ⅱ:回波结构和钩状回波形成机理

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2018.04.005

王炳赟^{1, 3},
魏鸣^{1, 2, ,},
范广洲^{1, 3},
杜爱军⁴

1.
南京信息工程大学/气候与气象灾害协同创新中心，江苏南京 210044
2.
中国气象科学研究院/强天气国家重点实验室，北京 100081
3.
成都信息工程大学大气科学学院/四川省高原大气与环境重点实验室，四川成都 610225
4.
重庆市巴南区气象局，重庆 401320

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41675029

国家自然科学基金项目 91644226

国家自然科学基金项目 91537214

国家自然科学基金项目 41405063

国家自然科学基金项目 41705008

国家重点基础研究发展计划973项目 2013CB430102

国家重点研发计划“全球变化及应对”重点专项 2016YFA0602004

地理信息科学教育部重点实验室开放研究基金资助项目 KLGIS2015A01

中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室开放课题 2016LASW-B12

江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目 KYZZ-0246

重庆市气象局青年基金项目 QNJJ-201710

详细信息

通讯作者:
魏鸣, 女，河北省人，教授，从事大气遥感与灾害性天气预报。E-mail：mingwei@nuist.edu.cn

中图分类号: P444
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-07-21
- 修回日期: 2018-02-18
- 刊出日期: 2018-08-01

THE EVOLUTION AND MECHANISM OF THE TORNADIC SUPERCELLS IN THE OUTER RAINBANDS OF STRONG TYPHOON MUJIGAE (1522). PART Ⅱ: EVOLUTION OF STRUCTURE AND MECHANISM OF HOOK ECHO

Bing-yun WANG^{1, 3},
Ming WEI^{1, 2
, ,},
Guang-zhou FAN^{1, 3},
Ai-jun DU⁴

1.
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
3.
College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology/Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610225, China
4.
Meteorological Bureau of Ba'nan City, Chongqing 401320, China

摘要

摘要: 为深入研究超级单体的结构演变及其相关机理，对1522“彩虹”台风登陆前后外围雨带中衍生龙卷的超级单体进行了深入分析。研究结果表明，该台风雨带内衍生龙卷的超级单体持续约1.5 h左右，生命史较短。3个超级单体都在回波段的尾部发展，其中汕尾和佛山2个超级单体在发展过程中合并其后部相对较弱的单体。涡旋结构位于超级单体回波穹隆和悬挂回波附近，龙卷发生期间呈“涡管”状，向移动方向倾斜。由Bernoulli原理和空气动力学相关知识可知，超级单体某一高度上阻碍气旋(反气旋)向前运动的空气阻力f和周围压力差δF的共同作用合力F是钩状回波形成的原因。由此提出的钩状回波概念模型可合理解释北半球西风带和东风带内超级单体演变过程中钩状回波的形成结构及其机理，有助于进一步丰富超级单体结构及其理论内涵，加深对此类强天气致灾机理的理解。
- 台风 /
- 超级单体 /
- 钩状回波 /
- 涡旋 /
- Bernoulli /
- 流体力学
Abstract: Based on conventional observation data of China, Doppler radar data and reanalysis data of ECWMF, the evolution and mechanism of supercells that induced tornadoes in the outer rainbands were analyzed during the landing of "Mujigae", and this is the second part about the evolution of reflectivity structure and mechanism of hook echo. The supercells generally sustained approximately 1.5 h in the rainbands of the typhoon, with a short lifetime. The duration of reflectivity above 50 dBz of a supercell in Shanwei matched a moderately-lived severe storm event that lasted approximately 2.5 hours, while two supercells in Guangzhou were for long-lived severe storm events that lasted approximately 5 hours. The three supercells induced tornadoes at the end of the echo they belonged to. The supercells in Shanwei and Foshan absorbed and combined weak storms nearby during their growing processes. The rotation was near a domed echo and a hanging echo in the supercell phase, and showed obviously "vortex tube" shape tilted toward the moving direction. Bernoulli's principle can explain the formation mechanism of hook echo in supercells, and could be used reasonably in the formation process of the hook echo in the supercell in westerlies or easterlies in the Northern Hemisphere. The evolution and mechanism of supercells would be helpful in further understanding the causes for severe weather processes.
- hurricane /
- supercell /
- hook echo /
- rotation /
- Bernoulli /
- hydrodynamics

HTML全文

图 1 三个超级单体生消过程中不同强度状态持续时间

体扫数据6 min/次。a.衍生汕尾水龙卷超级单体；b.衍生佛山陆龙卷单体；c.衍生番禺陆龙卷超级单体。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 三个超级单体的回波的移动、断裂、合并演变

a1、a2、a3、a4为衍生汕尾水龙卷强回波单体演变；b1、b2、b3、b4为衍生佛山陆龙卷超级单体演变；c1、c2、c3、c4为衍生番禺陆龙卷超级单体演变。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 3个超级单体强对流阶段、超级单体阶段和龙卷阶段的强回波结构

a1、a2、a3为衍生汕尾水龙卷超级单体；b1、b2、b3为衍生佛山陆龙卷超级单体；c1、c2、c3为衍生番禺陆龙卷超级单体。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 北半球中气旋在西风带(a)和东风带(b)中的钩状回波形成机理概念模型及实况分析，西风带中强对流风暴的中气旋模型分析监利龙卷(c)和阜宁龙卷(d)，东风带中强对流风暴中的中气旋模型分析汕尾海丰龙卷(e)和广东顺德龙卷(f)

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表 1 “彩虹”台风中超级单体在不同仰角高度上压力差δF与所受的摩擦力f统计表

发生地	时刻	仰角/°	雷达方向	雷达距离	高地距离	V_a/(m/s)	V_b/(m/s)	ρ_p	ρ_F/f
汕尾海丰	9:42	1.5	188.80	39.0	1.2	24.0	7.0	307.24	5.23
汕尾海丰	9:54	2.4	204.00	34.0	1.6	24.0	7.0	307.24	4.76
广州顺德	15:30	1.5	225.00	26.0	0.9	24.0	1.0	335.23	5.19
广州顺德	15:42	0.5	256.00	26.0	0.5	27.0	3.0	419.76	7.94
广州番禺	16:24	1.5	146.00	35.0	1.2	27.0	-3.0	419.76	7.15
广州番禺	16:54	0.5	127.00	9.2	0.3	24.0	5.0	321.23	9.11
注：雷达距离指中气旋到雷达距离，单位：km。离地高度指中气旋观测仰角层到地面的高度，单位：km。

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