STUDY ON THE MECHANISM OF STAGNATING AND LESS-STEERED TYPHOON RUMBIA
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摘要: 2018年1818号台风“温比亚”进入河南后停滞少动，移向有多次改变，累计在河南省境内滞留长达40小时，造成河南省东部历史罕见的极端暴雨天气。利用高空探测、地面观测、NCEP 1 °×1 °再分析等资料及中央气象台台风定位数据，对“温比亚”登陆进入河南境内后停滞少动及转向机理做详细诊断分析，结果显示：台风低压处在100 hPa高压带中的弱风区里，低层受高压带“包裹”或阻挡，低压缓行或停滞。200 hPa低压附近有风速辐合时，低压移速减慢，反之则加速，低压下游的风向对其移动方向有很好的指示意义。低压周围合成风场显示，北侧偏东风远大于南侧偏西风时，低压西行；东侧南风大于西侧北风时，低压北行；低压周围风场对称分布时，低压停滞；当非对称逐渐加强时，移向转为大风速轴的方向。500 hPa台风低压中心附近最大U、V风风速演变表明，北侧东风逐渐减小，西行低压移速随之变慢；东西风速差及南北风速差均减小到最小值且基本相当时，低压先停滞后转向，而后随着反方向风速的逐渐增大，低压沿着合动量方向移动。584 dagpm与588 dagpm之间风向与低压移动方向有很好的相关性。Abstract: After entering Henan province, the No.1818 typhoon Rumbia in 2018 stagnated and its movement direction changed many times. The accumulated stagnation time in Henan amounted to 40 hours and Rumbia caused rare and extreme rainstorms in eastern Henan. Using high altitude sounding and ground observation data, NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data and typhoon positioning data of the Central Meteorological Observatory, the paper made a detailed diagnosis and analysis about the physical mechanism of stagnating and less-steered Rumbia. The results showed that the typhoon-turned low pressure was in the weak wind zone of the 100 hPa high pressure zone and the low layer was wrapped or blocked by the high-pressure zone. The low pressure was slow and stagnant. When there was wind speed convergence near the low pressure of 200 hPa, the low pressure would slow down, and otherwise it would accelerate. The wind direction downstream of the low pressure had a good indication of its moving direction. The synthetic wind field around the low pressure showed that when the east wind on the north was much larger than the west wind on the south, the low pressure moved westward; the south wind on the east was much larger than the north wind on the west, and the low pressure moved northward. When the low-pressure surrounding wind field was symmetrically distributed, the low pressure stagnated. When the asymmetry was gradually strengthened, it moved to the direction of the large wind speed axis. The maximum U and V wind speed changes near the 500hPa typhoon low-pressure center indicated that as the east wind of the north gradually decreased, the westbound low pressure velocity decreased with it; when the east-west wind speed difference and the north-south wind speed difference near the low pressure decreased to the minimum and basic equivalence, the low pressure stopped and lagged, and then with the gradual increase of the wind speed in the opposite direction, the low pressure moved along the direction of the combined movement. The wind direction between 584 dagpm and 588 dagpm correlated well with the direction of low-pressure movement.
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图 5 850 hPa与500 hPa平均风场（矢量）及台风中心（
a. 18日02时；b. 18日08时；c. 18日14时；d. 18日20时；e. 19日02时；f. 19日08时。
表 1 台风低压中心位置及风力/(m/s)
时间 经度/°E 纬度/°N 风力/(m/s) 2018081814 114.6 32.7 16 2018081817 114.5 32.8 16 2018081820 114.4 32.9 16 2018081823 114.4 32.9 16 2018081902 114.4 33.0 16 2018081905 114.4 33.0 16 2018081908 114.7 33.3 16 2018081911 115.0 33.5 16 
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