基于GPM卫星的广东汛期降水日变化特征与评估

张华龙; 肖柳斯; 陈生; 吴乃庚

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2020.032

基于GPM卫星的广东汛期降水日变化特征与评估

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2020.032

张华龙¹,
肖柳斯^{2, 4, 5},
陈生^{2, 5, 6, ,},
吴乃庚³

1.
广东省气象台，广东广州 510641
2.
中山大学大气科学学院，广东珠海 519082
3.
中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所，广东广州 510641
4.
广州市气象台，广东广州 511430
5.
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（珠海），广东珠海 519082
6.
广东省气候变化与自然灾害研究重点实验室，广东广州 510275

基金项目:

广东省科技计划项目 2019B020208016

国家自然科学基金项目 41875182

国家自然科学基金项目 41705035

广州市科技计划项目 201804020038

广东省气象局科学技术研究项目 GRMC2018Z05

详细信息

通讯作者:
陈生，男，广西壮族自治区人，博士，教授，主要从事遥感定量降水产品的不确定性分析；雷达定量降水估计；数据同化方法在水文气象的应用研究；极端天气事件的数值模拟与预报；陆面水循环过程研究；地理信息系统应用开发；面向对象的遥感影像信息提取研究。E-mail：chensheng@mail.sysu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P426.6
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- 文章访问数: 158
- HTML全文浏览量: 99
- PDF下载量: 25
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-05-29
- 修回日期: 2020-03-16
- 刊出日期: 2020-06-01

CHARACTERISTICS AND EVALUATION OF DIURNAL RAINFALL VARIATION IN RAINY SEASONS IN GUANGDONG BASED ON GPM SATELLITE

Hua-long ZHANG¹,
Liu-si XIAO^{2, 4, 5},
Sheng CHEN^{2, 5, 6
, ,},
Nai-geng WU³

1.
Guangdong Meteorological Observatory, Guangzhou 510641, China
2.
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
3.
Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, CMA, Guangzhou 510641, China
4.
Guangzhou Observatory, Guangzhou 511430, China
5.
Guangdong Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
6.
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China

摘要

摘要: 新一代全球降水观测计划GPM作为TRMM卫星的继承者，在物理探测和降水反演算法上具有明显进步。以广东省雨量自动站为基准，对2014—2018年间GPM的格点降水估测产品IMERG（V5B）的日变化特征和估测误差进行分析。结果表明，IMERG能清晰反映广东前、后汛期的降水双峰型特征，但对下午降水峰值明显高估，峰值出现时间滞后；而对于沿海早晨峰值降水则明显低估，对于降水极值，低估更加显著。IMERG对两个峰值的估测误差受不同因素影响，下午峰值降水的相对偏差与地形密切相关，珠江三角洲平原为稳定高估区，地形高度越高，低估幅度越大；而早晨峰值降水极值负偏差与地形高度、降水量的相关性均较小。对出现显著负偏差的早晨沿海降水样本日进行925 hPa风场合成，可知IMERG明显低估时，对应区域上游较强的超低空西南气流与风速夜间增长。IMERG对这一季风活动背景降水的低估构成了其估测早晨降水误差的主要来源。
- GPM /
- IMERG /
- 降水日变化 /
- 季风降水 /
- 地形误差
Abstract: As the successor to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), the new generation Global Precipitation Measurement Mission (GPM) is considered to have made significant progress in precipitation estimation. The complex features of rainfall diurnal variation and estimation errors of the GPM grid precipitation estimation product IMERG (V5B) are examined using hourly rain gauge data in Guangdong Province during 2014—2018. The bimodal characteristics of diurnal rainfall in the annually first and second rainy seasons are clearly shown. IMERG products report more afternoon rainfall than the rain gauge shows, and the peak predicted is later than the real peak. However, they significantly underestimate the morning rainfall at coasts. The estimation errors of these two peaks are due to different reasons. As for afternoon rainfall, errors are spatially relevant to complex terrain. Particularly, the Pearl River Delta plain is a stable overestimation region, and the higher the terrain, the greater the underestimate. The negative deviation of morning rainfall has little correlation with terrain height or precipitation level. All daily precipitation samples with significant negative deviation are collected and the average 925 hPa wind fields are averagely combined. In areas where a clear negative bias is observed, the low-level circulation is mainly manifested as strong ultra-low southwest airstream and obvious nocturnal increase of the low-level wind field. IMERG's underestimation in the background of such monsoon activity constitutes the main source of its estimation error of morning peak rainfall in Guangdong.
- GPM /
- IMERG /
- rainfall diurnal variation /
- monsoon precipitation /
- terrain error

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图 1 研究区域与雨量站分布

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图 2 2014—2018年雨量站与IMERG平均日雨量（单位：mm/d）空间分布

a. 5—6月雨量站格点日雨量；b. 5—6月IMERG日雨量；c. 7—8月雨量站格点日雨量；d. 7—8月IMERG日雨量。

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图 3 5—6月（a~h）与7—8月（i~p）逐3小时平均雨量（单位：mm/(3 h)）空间分布

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图 4 5—6月（a）与7—8月（b）不同区域IMERG与实况的逐小时雨量日变化

蓝色/橙色阴影区分别对应早晨/下午降水峰值时段。

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图 5 不同季节与不同峰值时段各检验指标空间分布

a~d.峰值时段平均雨量（单位：mm/（8 h））；e~h. RB；i~l. CC；m~p. RMSE（单位：mm）。

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图 6 2014—2018年5—8月下午峰值（a）与早晨峰值（b）IMERG相对偏差与海拔高度散点分布图

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图 7 不同区域与不同雨量阈值IMERG逐日累积雨量极值相对偏差

a. 5—6月下午峰值；b. 7—8月下午峰值；c. 5—6月早晨峰值；d. 7—8月早晨峰值。

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图 8 不同样本日选取方案925 hPa水平风场与风场夜间变化

a~d.分别对应方案A~D，红色箭头为风矢量，绿色填色为风速（单位：m/s），蓝色等值线为早晨峰值降水样本日08时与前一日20时风矢量差的绝对值（单位：m/s）。

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表 1 分析区域属性表

区域代号	经度范围	纬度范围	对应降水中心
Reg1	113.0~114.8 °E	23.3~24.2 °N	粤中内陆
Reg2	111.5~113.6 °E	21.6~22.7 °N	粤西沿海
Reg3	114.0~116.5 °E	22.5~23.3 °N	粤东沿海

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同样本日选取方案标准

样本日选取方案	Reg2雨量极值/mm	Reg3雨量极值/mm	Reg2极值相对偏差	Reg3极值相对偏差
A	＜10	＜10	-	-
B	≥10	≥10	＞0	＞0
C	≥10	≥10	＜-0.3	＞0
D	≥10	≥10	＞0	＜-0.3

下载: 导出CSV

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