ZIZYPHUS MAURITIANA LAM. PLANTING IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE
-
摘要: 为科学指导广东青枣种植及其精细化管理, 以青枣生长发育对光、温、水的需求指标为依据, 结合广东实际生产气候条件, 构建了青枣种植的光、温、水和气候适宜度模型, 定量评价1961-2019年广东青枣各生育期和全生育期的气候适宜度。(1)除清远和韶关北部山区因地势高易受极端低温影响外, 广东大部地区气候条件适宜种植青枣。(2)广东种植青枣历年气候适宜度介于0.49~0.66, 各气候因子气候适宜度以温度最高, 日照次之, 降水最低。(3)青枣各生育期以花期和抽梢期气候适宜度最高, 发芽期次之, 果实生长期和果实成熟期最低; 温度和日照适宜度由高到低的顺序为:花期>抽梢期>果实生长期>发芽期>果实成熟期; 降水适宜度由高到低的顺序为:抽梢期>花期>发芽期>果实成熟期>果实生长期。(4)降水是广东种植青枣的主要限制因子, 对果实生长期和果实成熟期的影响更显著, 未来青枣种植要十分注意秋冬季节的水分调控。Abstract: In order to provide scientific guidance for Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. planting and its fine management in Guangdong Province, the present study established the sunshine, temperature, precipitation and general climatic suitability models by analyzing the demand of sunshine, temperature and precipitation for the growth and development of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. and the climatic conditions in Guangdong. Climatic suitability of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. in Guangdong from 1961 to 2019 was calculated by using these models. The results were as follows. (1) Except for the north of Qingyuan and Shaoguan City, which were susceptible to extreme low temperature due to high altitude, the climate conditions in most areas of Guangdong were suitable for Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. planting. (2) Climatic suitability over the years for Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. planting in Guangdong ranged from 0.49 to 0.66. As for the climatic factors?suitability, temperature suitability was the highest, followed by those of sunshine and precipitation. (3) The climatic suitability during the blooming stage and sprouting stage were the highest, followed by those during the germination stage, fruit development stage and fruit maturity stage. The order of temperature and sunshine suitability from high to low was those during the blooming stage, sprouting stage, fruit development stage, germination stage, and fruit maturity stage, while the order of precipitation suitability from high to low was those during the sprouting stage, blooming stage, germination stage, fruit maturity stage, and fruit development stage. (4) Precipitation was a key climatic factor limiting the growth of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam., especially for fruit development stage and fruit maturity stage. Therefore, water management in autumn and winter should be paid great attention to in the future.
-
Key words:
- Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. /
- growing stage /
- climatic suitability /
- model /
- evaluation /
- Guangdong Province
-
表 1 青枣各生育期温度、降水、日照适宜度模型参数
生育期 时间/月 T1/℃ T0/℃ T2/℃ R0*/mm S0*/h B 发芽期 4 15 25.0 30 13.6 3.3 0.5 抽梢期 4-5 15 25.0 30 14.2 3.2 0.5 花期 6-10 18 28.0 35 11.5 6.4 0.7 果实生长期 10-12 8 22.5 35 15.1 6.2 0.9 果实成熟期 12-2(次年) 5 20.0 35 10.2 6.1 1.0 *:R0和S0为日指标。 -
[1] 黄雪莲.一种有开发价值的热带珍稀果树--毛叶枣[J].云南热作科技, 2000, 23(2): 41-42. [2] 陈家金, 王加义, 黄川容, 等.福建省引种台湾青枣的寒冻害风险分析与区划[J].中国生态农业学报, 2013, 21(12): 1537-1544. [3] 杜尧东, 宋丽莉, 毛慧琴, 等.广东地区的气候变暖及其对农业的影响与对策[J].热带气象学报, 2004, 20(3): 302-310. [4] 魏瑞江, 王鑫.气候适宜度国内外研究进展及展望[J].地球科学进展, 2019, 34(6): 584-595. [5] HOLZKÄMPER A, CALANCA P, FUHRER J.Identifying climatic limitations to grain maize yield potentials using a suitability evaluation approach [J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2013, 168(1): 149-159. [6] 魏瑞江, 宋迎波, 王鑫.基于气候适宜度的玉米产量动态预报方法[J].应用气象学报, 2009, 20(5): 622-627. [7] 黄璜.中国红黄壤地区作物生产的气候生态适宜性研究[J].自然资源学报, 1996, 11(4): 340-346. [8] ROWHANI P, LOBELL D B, LINDERMAN M, et al.Climate variability and crop production in Tanzania[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2011, 151(4): 449-460. [9] 徐敏, 吴洪颜, 张佩, 等.基于气候适宜度的江苏水稻气候年景预测方法[J].气象, 2018, 44(9): 1200-1207. [10] 千怀遂, 焦士兴, 赵峰.河南省冬小麦气候适宜性变化研究[J].生态学杂志, 2005, 24(5): 503-507. [11] 王胜, 田红, 党修伍, 等.安徽淮北平原冬小麦气候适宜度分析及作物年景评估[J].气候变化研究进展, 2017, 13(3): 253-261. [12] 柳芳, 薛庆禹, 黎贞发.天津棉花气候适宜度变化特征及其产量动态预报[J].中国农业气象, 2014, 35(1): 48-54. [13] 杜尧东, 段海来, 唐力生.全球气候变化下中国亚热带地区柑桔气候适宜性[J].生态学杂志, 2010, 29(5): 833-839. [14] 王莉, 殷益明, 沈林章, 等.浙江优质葡萄二次果生产的气候适宜度研究[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒, 2016(5): 25-29. [15] 金志凤, 叶建刚, 杨再强, 等.浙江省茶叶生长的气候适宜性[J].应用生态学报, 2014, 25(4): 967-973. [16] 何永坤, 张建平.渝东地区烤烟气候适宜度及其变化特征研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 36(9): 140-146. [17] 薛沛沛, 王克勤, 郭逢春, 等.金沙江干热河谷土壤含水量对台湾青枣生长和产量的影响[J].生态学杂志, 2007, 26(2): 192-196. [18] 唐力生, 胡飞, 王华.低温对台湾青枣(Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.)苗期形态的影响[J].生态学杂志, 2016, 35(4): 864-870. [19] 王华, 唐力生, 张晨辉, 等.我国东南部地区青枣种植的热量条件分析[J].热带气象学报, 2017, 33(4): 540-547. [20] 孙浩元, 续九如, 王玉柱, 等.应用灰色聚类和灰色关联分析对台湾青枣引种适宜区的选择[J].中国农学通报, 2006, 22(4): 143-146. [21] 林品贵.台湾青枣矮密丰产栽培技术[J].福建果树, 2002(z1): 54-55. [22] 庄文彬, 兰允明.台湾青枣果实套袋试验[J].中国南方果树, 2005, 34(1): 57. [23] 薛沛沛.金沙江干热河谷节水灌溉及台湾青枣需水量研究[D].昆明: 西南林学院, 2007. [24] 梁开明, 曹洪麟, 徐志防, 等.台湾青枣及野生种的光合作用日变化及光响应特征[J].园艺学报, 2008, 35(6): 793-798. [25] 李丽纯, 周广胜, 陈惠, 等.台湾青枣在福建主产区的气候适宜度[J/OL].应用生态学报: 1-10[2020-04-16].https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202004.017. [26] 秦鹏.广东省近40多年来极端温度和降水的变化规律分析[D].南京: 南京信息工程大学, 2006. [27] 翟盘茂, 刘静.气候变暖背景下的极端天气气候事件与防灾减灾[J].中国工程科学, 2012, 14(9): 55-63, 84.