DETECTION AND ANALYSIS OF LIGHTNING ACTIVITIES BASED ON DDW1 TOTAL-FLASH 3D LIGHTNING LOCATION SYSTEM
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摘要: 2020年12月，广东省ADTD(Advanced TOA and Direction)闪电定位系统升级改造为DDW1全闪三维闪电定位系统，于2021年1月业务运行，使得广东省拥有了闪电三维定位业务观测能力。DDW1闪电定位系统不仅在硬件性能、数据处理、探测效率和定位算法等方面有提高，同时还新增了闪电辐射源的三维定位功能。基于DDW1闪电定位系统观测数据和广州S波段双极化天气雷达资料，分别对广东省2021年闪电时空分布以及一次飑线系统云闪三维分布特征进行分析。分析结果表明，闪电活动主要出现在5—9月，占总数92.9%，闪电活动多发时段为13—18时，占总数53.1%；广东省闪电聚集区分布在地势较低的珠三角和粤西地区，地势高的山地地区闪电活动相对较少；云闪辐射源主要出现在强对流区底部，高度主要分布在1~5 km，占总数61.3%，一定程度上刻画了雷暴云中电荷区的分布情况。全闪定位结果与对应时刻雷达回波具有高度一致性。Abstract: In December 2020, the Advanced TOA and Direction (ADTD) lightning location system in Guangdong Province was upgraded to the DDW1 Total-Flash three-dimensional (3D) lightning location system. The new system was put into operation in January 2021, empowering Guangdong with the ability to identify the 3D location of lightning strikes. The DDW1 lightning location system not only sees improvement in hardware performance, data processing, detection efficiency and positioning algorithm, but also boasts a new function of lightning radiation source 3D positioning. Based on the DDW1 lightning location system and the S-band dual-polarization weather radars in Guangzhou, this paper has conducted a statistical analysis of the spatio-temporal distribution of lightning in Guangdong Province and the characteristics of cloud flash activity during a squall line process, respectively. The analysis shows that lightning activities mainly occur from May to September, accounting for 92.9% of the total, and in a day lightning activities become the most frequent during 13 and 18 o'clock, accounting for 53.1% of the total. They mainly occur in the Pearl River Delta and western Guangdong, where the terrain is low; by contrast, there are relatively fewer lightning activities in the mountainous areas with high terrain. Cloud flash radiation mainly originates from the bottom of the strong convection area, and the height mainly ranges from 1 to 5 km, accounting for about 61.3% of the total. The results of the present study may reflect the distribution of the charge area in thunderstorm clouds. The total-flash location results are highly consistent with radar echo at corresponding moments.
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Key words:
- lightning detection /
- lightning 3D location /
- DDW1 system /
- data analysis
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图 9 2021年5月4日飑线系统成熟-消散阶段四个不同时刻(17:30、18:00、18:30和19:00)云闪辐射源定位结果和广州S波段双极化天气雷达回波(单位：dBZ)的叠加
9a~9d为水平分布。9e~9h为沿图9a~9d中以广州雷达站为起点，沿红线方向的雷达PPI回波与云闪定位结果的叠加。
表 1 广东省DDW1定位系统探测性能指标
序号 参数 技术指标 1 闪电类型 云闪、云地闪 2 探测频段 甚低频/低频 3 灵敏度 300 km处5 kA回击电流 4 时间精度 0.1 μs 5 首次回击探测效率 100% 6 继后回击探测效率 62% 7 云闪探测效率 52% 
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