华南夏季沿岸与近海岛屿雨滴谱特征对比分析

符兆阳; 张浩; 温龙

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2024.042

华南夏季沿岸与近海岛屿雨滴谱特征对比分析

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2024.042

符兆阳¹,
张浩¹,
温龙^{1, 2, ,}

1.
西昌卫星发射中心，四川西昌 615000
2.
北京大学物理学院大气与海洋科学系，北京 100871

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41905021

详细信息

通讯作者:
温龙，男，江西省人，工程师，主要从事雷达定量降水和微物理研究。E-mail：wenlong@smail.nju.edu.cn

中图分类号: P426.611
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- 文章访问数: 27
- HTML全文浏览量: 9
- PDF下载量: 18
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-15
- 修回日期: 2024-04-08
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-08
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-20

Comparative Analysis of Raindrop Size Distribution Characteristics Between Island and Inland Stations over South China Coastline During Summer Monsoon Season

FU Zhaoyang¹,
ZHANG Hao¹,
WEN Long^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Xichang Satellite Launch Center, Xichang, Sichuan 615000, China
2.
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

摘要

摘要: 充分理解降水微物理的局地变化特征有助于提升本地化降水的模拟和预报能力。利用我国华南地区夏季四个站点(广西北海涠洲岛、防城港，广东阳江、江门上川岛)的雨滴谱观测数据，研究对比近海岛屿与沿岸陆上的降水微物理特征差异。研究表明，对流性降水对华南地区夏季降水量的贡献最大，且对流性降水的微物理特征具有明显的局地差异，具体表现为东部站点(阳江、上川岛)大雨滴更多而小雨滴浓度偏低，而西部站点(涠洲岛、防城港)的小雨滴浓度更高。此外，沿岸站点(阳江、防城港)较岛屿站点(上川岛、涠洲岛)的大雨滴浓度更高。研究还讨论了降水微物理的局地差异与环境变量之间的关系，发现东部(沿岸)站较西部(岛屿)站具有更厚的暖云层，更长的雨滴下落路径增强了碰并过程，从而促进了雨滴粒径的增长。同时，还拟合了华南地区四站的μ-Λ关系和Z-R关系以应用于提高降水和雨滴谱的估计和反演精度。可为研究我国华南地区降水微物理的局地变化特征提供较全面的参考依据。
- 降水微物理 /
- 雨滴特征 /
- 华南 /
- 岛屿 /
- Z-R关系
Abstract: To improve precipitation estimation and forecasting, it is important to have a thorough understanding of the regional variability of raindrop size distribution (DSD) characteristics. This study aims to investigate the differences in DSDs between island and inland areas along the South China coastline, using observations from four disdrometers. The results of the study reveal that convective precipitation is the main contributor to summer rainfall in South China, with regional variations in DSD. The eastern stations (Shangchuan Island and Yangjiang) exhibit a higher concentration of large raindrops and a lower concentration of small raindrops compared to the western stations (Weizhou Island and Fangchenggang), which have more small raindrops. Additionally, the inland stations have a higher number of large raindrops (with a diameter greater than 3mm) compared to the island stations. The study also discusses the differences in environmental conditions that contribute to these variations. It is found that the warm cloud depth at the eastern (inland) stations is thicker than at the western (island) stations, indicating a longer pathway for raindrops to fall towards the ground and an enhanced collisional-coalescence process for raindrop growth. Furthermore, the shape-slope (μ-L) and radar reflectivity-rain rate (Z-R) relationships for the four stations also exhibit differences. Overall, this study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the regional variability of precipitation microphysics in South China.
- precipitation microphysics /
- raindrop size distribution /
- South China /
- island /
- Z-R relationship

HTML全文

图 1 研究区域地形分布图

红色三角代表雨滴谱仪所在位置，单位：m。

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图 2 四个站点不同降水强度(单位：mm·h^-1)的发生频率(实线，单位：%)和对总雨量的累计贡献(虚线，单位：%)

站点分别为涠洲岛(黑)、防城港(橙色)、上川岛(蓝)、阳江(紫)。

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图 3 四个站点不同降水类型的D_m(单位：mm)和log₁₀N_w(单位：mm^-1·m^-3)柱状分布

第一列为涠洲岛(WZ)、防城港(FCG)；第二列为上川岛(SC)、阳江(YJ)。

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图 4 四站的对流(红色空心圆)、层云(蓝色空心圆)的D_m-log₁₀N_w数据对分布情况

灰框为Bringi等^[14]定义的海洋性和大陆性对流落区。灰色虚线为Bringi等^[14]提出的层云分界线。灰色代表层云、黑色代表对流，圆圈、正方形对应岛屿站点(涠洲岛、上川岛)统计平均值，正三角、倒三角对应沿岸站点(防城港、阳江)，五角星、五边形代表前人的统计值。

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图 5 四站的对流(红)、层云(蓝)的D_m-R、N_w-R散点图及拟合曲线

a₁、a₂.涠洲岛；b₁、b₂.上川岛；c₁、c₂.防城港；d₁、d₂.阳江。黑色、绿色分别为层云降水、对流降水拟合线。

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图 6 四个站点的对流(实线，实心点)、层云(虚线，空心点)降水平均谱

站点分别为涠洲岛(黑)、防城港(橙色)、上川岛(蓝)、阳江(紫)。

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图 7 2019年、2020年6—8月975 hPa相对湿度分布图

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图 8 2019年、2020年6—8月ERA5逐时气候变量箱型图

a.对流有效位能CAPE；b.云底高度CBH；c.暖云厚度WCD。箱图从上至下分别代表上限、上四分位数、中位数、下四分位数、下限，散点代表平均值，异常点通过四分位距法筛选，已剔除。

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图 9 四站的对流μ-Λ散点及拟合曲线

涠洲岛(黑色)、上川岛(蓝色)、防城港(橙色)、阳江(紫色)，虚线代表前人总结的关系。

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图 10 四站全部滴谱Z-R散点及拟合曲线

橘红色、灰色散点分别代表对流、层流降水，绿色虚线代表夏季对流云降水经典关系^[20]。

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表 1 四站不同降水类型D_m、log₁₀N_w的相关统计参数(样本数、平均值、标准差和偏斜度)

降水类型	研究点	样本数/min	D_m/mm			log₁₀Nw/(mm^-1·m^-3)
降水类型	研究点	样本数/min	均值	标准差	偏斜度	均值	标注差	偏斜度
对流性降水	涠洲岛	1 617	1.92	0.47	0.15	3.84	0.34	-0.04
	上川岛	711	2.29	0.59	0.20	3.55	0.36	-0.06
	防城港	2 166	2.00	0.51	0.18	3.81	0.31	-0.03
	阳江	1 656	2.29	0.62	0.21	3.64	0.35	-0.05
层云降水	涠洲岛	2 282	1.48	0.35	0.02	3.32	0.47	0
	上川岛	2 091	1.49	0.32	0.02	3.26	0.40	0.01
	防城港	4 697	1.37	0.28	0.01	3.41	0.38	-0.01
	阳江	2 135	1.49	0.35	0.01	3.22	0.44	0.04
所有降水	涠洲岛	4 498	1.64	0.45	0.10	3.51	0.50	-0.05
	上川岛	2 802	1.69	0.53	0.22	3.34	0.41	-0.01
	防城港	6 863	1.57	0.47	0.16	3.54	0.41	-0.02
	阳江	3 791	1.83	0.62	0.27	3.40	0.46	-0.02

下载: 导出CSV

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