南海地区中层气旋的生成
THE GENERATION OF THE MID-TROPSPHERIC CYCLONE OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA
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摘要: 本文对12个中层气旋生成时的环境场作综合分析,选出两个生成位置靠近平均位置的气旋,分4个时次进行涡度和热量的收支计算。结果表明,大尺度的涡度倾向是气旋生成的必要条件,尤其是散度项的贡献最为显著。在低纬地区地转参数(f)比中纬度小,散度项的贡献较大程度地取决于相对涡度(ξ)的大小。在对流层中下层,散度项值最大,气旋也首先在这里生成。气旋生成时涡管倾斜度很大,由于积云对流将低层的正涡度向上层输送,使涡管变垂直,促使气旋发展成熟。计算得到的小尺度涡度输送和实际降水量分布十分一致。积云对流释放出来的潜热可直接加热中层大气,但上层大气是靠补偿动力下沉增温的。Abstract: This paper makes a composite analysis upon the surrounding fields of twelve mid-tropospheric cyclogeneses. Two of them whose positions are near the average position are selected to show their vorticity and heat budgets. The resultes show that the large-scale vorticity tendency is the prerequisite of the mid-tropospheric cyclogeneses, and the contribution of the divergent term is especially notable. The geostrophic parameter (f) in lower latitudes is less than that in middle latitudes. The contribution of the divergent term, to a great entent, is dependent upon the magnitude of relative vorticity(ζ). In the middle and lower troposphere, the divergent term is the greatest, and the mid-tropospheric cyclone first grows there too. When the mid-tropospheric cyclone grows, the slope of the vorticity tube is large. As cumulus convection transports the positive vorticity from lower levels to higher levels, which makes the vorticity tube to be vertical, the mid-tropospheric cyclone is made to develop. The calculated vorticity transportation of small-scale coincides closely with the rainfall amount. The latent heat released from cumulus convection may heat the mid-tropospheric atmosphere directly, but the rise of the temperature in the upper-tropospheric atmosphere is due to the compensated dynamic descent.
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