低纬度超长波的统计特征
A STATISTCAL CHARACTERISTIC FEATURE OF ULTRA-LONG WAVES IN THE LOW LATITUDE
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摘要: 本文用1951年1月—1980年12月、20°N、500hPa高度距平资料,对频率域内的超长波谱密度作了计算。结果表明超长波的功率谱在40个月周期附近出现极值,特别是波数1。为了对比超长波和长波间的不同特征,对纬向波k=5-8的谱密度也作了计算,纬向波数k=5-8的谱密度是属白噪音时间序列随机过程。Abstract: In this paper by use of space-time spectral anaysis the anomaly of monthly average 500hPa height along the latitude 20°N for Jan. 1951-Dec. 1980 is analyzed and statistical character of ultra-long wave in the low latitude is discussed.1). According to equation (8), the zonal mean of auto-correlation Rk(τ) at time lag τ(month) is computed. The result shown in Fig 1. The decrease of Rk(τ) with the increase of τ for k=0.3 is slower than k =5. This means that the persistence of ultra-long wave is longer than long wave.2). The distributions of the power spectral densities Pk(ω) in the frequency (ω) domain for k=0-3 and k=5 are computed with the use of (9), as shown in Fig.2. A spectral peak at 40 month period is significant and spectral peaks at 26 and 12 month are clealy seen. For the sake of comparison, the spectral density pk(ω)for k =5 is also shown in Fig.2. This figure is selected to be representative of long wave. As can be seen in this figure, spectral peak at 40 month is not clealy seen and the spectral density is approximately proportional to l/ω2 (dashed).3). In order to explain the characteristic feature of the spectral density of ultr-long wave in the frequency domain,we computed the spectral density of stochastically forced motion in the non-adiadatic condition with the use of the equation(23). The results for k=l-3 are shown in Fig.4. The spectral density is changed with ω and it means that item Fk(t)in the equation(22) is not white noise spectrum. There is a main spectral peak at 40 month and it suggests that the spectral peak of the ultra-long wave at 40 month is driven by the stochastically forced motion.For the sake of comparison, the case of k=5 for the same season is shown in Fig. 4. Although there is a weak fluctuatinn, the spectral density may be regarded as being approximately constant with frequency CD. In this sense the item Fk(t) of stochastical forcing may be regarded as an approximately stationary random process of white noise time series. Therefore the characteristic feature of Fk(t) in the case of long wave is quite different from that of ultra-long wave.
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