低纬高原城市冬季南北朝向室内温湿特征的初步分析
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INDOOR AIR TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY OF SOUTH AND NORTH SIDE OF CITY BUILDINGS IN WINTER ON LOW-LATITUDE PLATEAU
-
摘要: 通过对低纬城市——昆明冬季室内、外气温观测资料的分析,探讨了不同天气下南北朝向室内的气温、湿度特征。得出昆明地区冬季各种天气状况下室内最低气温和日均气温的增温效应均十分显著,与庭院相比,南向室内的增温幅度为7.7~10.0℃和4.6~5.8℃;北向室内为4.6~7.0℃和1.3~4.4℃;最高气温南向室内高于室外,而北向室内一般低于室外。另外,建筑物不但可维持较高的室内温度,而且减缓了室内气温的变化幅度,不论南向室内还是北向室内,气温日较差均小于室外,变幅仅为室外的40%~48%(南向)和20%~30%(北向),且最高气温出现时间比室外约迟2小时,显示了建筑物内温度变化的惰性。研究还得出南向室内的相对湿度均小于北向,南北差异以晴天最大,阴天最小。室内相对湿度的日变化特征为夜间湿度大,变化小,昼间湿度小,变化大。以上结果可为低纬城市气候的深入研究,建筑的合理设计提供科学基础。Abstract: The data are available from the observation of indoor and outdoor air temperature in Kunming City. The characteristics of indoor air temperature in the different weather condition of south and north sides of city buildings were discussed. The result indicates that effect of temperature-increasing on different weather condition is significant. Compared with yard,the increase of indoors minimum and mean air temperature on south-side is 7.7~10.0℃ and 4.6~5.8℃; The increase of indoors minimum and mean temperature on north-side is 4.6~7.0℃and 1.3~4.4℃. It shows that the ability on keep-warm and frigidity-proof of indoor exceaks that of outdoor. Indoor maximum temperature of south-side exceeds that of outdoor,outdoor maximum temperature exceeds that of north-side; the buildings maintain high temperature. In the same time,it weakens the range-ability of indoors air temperature,the daily increase of indoors air temperature is less than outdoor,the daily increase of indoors air temperature on south-side and north-side is 40~48% and 20~30% of outdoor respectively. Time of maximum temperature fall behind by 2 hours in the room than outdoor. It shows that indoor temperature take on lag-time. The indoor relative humidity of south-side is less than that of north-side and the difference of the south-side and north-side is the maximum in cleardays. In the same time,it is minimum in cloudydays. Daily variation of humidity shows that nightly humidity is more than day-time and the nightly humidity variation is less than day-time. This result will be scientific basis for urban climate research and city planning.
-
[1] 周淑贞,束炯.城市气候学[M].北京:气象出版社,1994.244-334. [2] 周淑贞.上海近数十年城市发展对气候的影响[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),1990,4(4):64-73. [3] 周淑贞.上海城市发展对气温的影响[J].地理学报,1983,38(4):397-405. [4] 陈沈斌,潘莉卿.城市化对平均气温的影响[J].地理学报,1997,52(1):27-36. [5] 北京市气象局气候资料室.北京城市气候[M].北京:气象出版社,1992.110-120. [6] 葛向东,赵咏梅.城市化对上海的增温效应[J].云南地理环境研究,1999,11(1):44-50. [7] 张一平,彭贵芬,张庆平.城市区域屋顶与地上的风速和温度特征分析[J].地理科学,1998,18(1):45-52. [8] 张一平,彭贵芬,李玉麟.低纬高原城市昆明的气候特征[J].高原气象,1997,16(3):319-324. [9] 黄逸生,王霞斐,陈明森,等.昆明城市热岛及大气质量探测报告[A].滇池地区生态环境与经济综合考察报告[C].昆明:云南科技出版社,1988.131-149. [10] L 巴赫基.房间的热微气候[M].傅忠诚,等译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1985.218-280. [11] B 吉沃尼.人·气候·建筑[M].陈士麟译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1982.189-220. [12] 陈启高.建筑热物理基础[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1991.1-40.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 800
- HTML全文浏览量: 0
- PDF下载量: 1383
- 被引次数: 0