中国近40年极端气温和降水的分布特征及年代际差异

刘学华; 季致建; 吴洪宝; 于秀晶

中国近40年极端气温和降水的分布特征及年代际差异

1.
金华市气象台, 浙江, 金华, 321000
2.
南京信息工程大学大气科学系, 江苏, 南京, 210044
3.
吉林省气象台, 吉林, 长春, 130062

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2005-09-05
- 修回日期: 2006-03-06

DISTRIBUTING CHARACTERISTICS AND INTERDECADAL DIFFERENCE OF DAILY TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION EXTREMES IN CHINA FOR LATEST 40 YEARS

1.
Meteorological Observatory of Jinhua, Jinhua 321000, China
2.
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, NUIST, Nanjing 210044, China
3.
Meteorological Observatory of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China

摘要

摘要: 利用全国119(154)站1961-2000年逐日平均气温(降水)资料,采用世界气象组织(WMO)最近公布的极端气候指数,分析了中国近40 a来极端气温和降水的分布及变化特征。结果表明:40 a气温极端冷指数整体呈下降趋势,极端暖指数整体呈上升趋势,表现为气温变暖,与全球变暖一致,北方地区极端气温指数变化最大;比较了1961-1975年和1976-2000年2个子时段各极端气温指数的变化趋势,第一时段表现为气温变冷趋势,第二时段为气温变暖趋势。全国年降水量、中等雨日指数(R75%)、强降水日指数(R95%)和强降水比率指数(R95%tot)的整体线性变化为上升趋势,前2个指数地理差异明显,后2个指数地理差异不明显。在上述2个时段中,第二时段较第一时段的年雨日数减少,但强降水日数和平均降水强度增大,且极端降水正线性变化趋势范围比第一时段也增大。
- 极端指数 /
- 变暖 /
- 年代际差异
Abstract: Using mean daily temperature (precipitation) data from 119(154) stations for the period 1961-2000 of China and adopting indices of extreme climate published by WMO, distributing and change characteristics of daily mean temperature and precipitation extremes are analyzed. The results are as follows. Mean linear trends of indices of cold temperature extremes are decreasing while mean linear trends of indices of warm temperature extremes are increasing, i.e. temperature becomes warmer being consistent with global warming. The largest variation of linear trends of indices of temperature is in north China. The linear trends of indices of temperature extremes for the period 1961-1975 and 1976-2000 are compared, temperature becomes cooler for the first period, which is contrary to the linear trends of indices of temperature extremes for the second period when temperature becomes warmer. The mean linear trends of annual precipitation and indices of moderate wet days (R75%) are ascending, with obvious geographic difference between them, while the linear trends of indices of very wet days (R95%) and the ratio of heavy precipitation to very wet days are decreasing without much geographic difference between them. For the period 1961-1975 and 1976-2000, the linear trend of annual number of wet days in the second period of time is less than that of annual number of wet days in the first period, while the index of very wet days and mean intensity of very wet days are increasing. The positive linear trends of indices of precipitation extremes are also covering larger area than in the first period.
- indices of extremes /
- warming /
- interdecadal difference

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参考文献(11)

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