广州地区春季污染雾的化学特征分析
STUDY ON THE CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLLUTING FOG IN GUANGZHOU AREA IN SPRING
-
摘要: 使用2005年2～3月在广州地区采集的雾水样品资料,分析了广州地区污染雾雾水的化学组分;对3次典型污染雾过程雾水的离子浓度及其可能的来源进行了分析。广州地区的污染雾雾水中的诸离子浓度远高于雨水中的值,因而,雾不但造成视程障碍,而且是高浓度污染的液态颗粒物,对人体健康十分有害。在雾水中浓度最高的阴离子是SO4=,其次是NO3-;在阳离子中Ca++、NH4+的浓度最高。雨水比雾水更酸,说明虽然雾水中的离子浓度较雨水高得多,但大量的离子成分中存在更多的缓冲物质,比如说NH4+和Ca++。雾水中的Ca++、SO4=、Mg++有明显的富集现象,广州地区的污染雾雾水主要受大陆环境和人类活动的影响。这期间广州地区出现严重污染雾与水汽充足和大量气溶胶污染粒子的存在直接有关。Abstract: Samples of fog water collected in the area of Guangzhou during February,March and April of 2005 are used in this work to study the chemical composition of fog water in polluting fog there.Four typical processes of polluting fog are analyzed in terms of ionic concentration and their possible sources.It is found that the concentration of various ions in fog water is much higher than that in rainwater.Fog not only blocks visual range but contains liquid particles that result in high degree of pollution and are very harmful to human health.SO4= is the anion with the highest concentration in fog water,followed by NO3-.For the cation,Ca++ and NH4+ are the highest in concentration.It is then known that rainwater is more acidic than fog water,indicating that ionic concentration of fog water is much higher than that of rainwater,but there are much more buffering materials in fog water,like NH4+ and Ca++.There is significant enrichment of Ca++,SO4=,and Mg++ in fog water.In the Guangzhou area,fog water from polluting fog is mainly subject to continental environment and mankind activity.The episodes of serious fog pollution during the time have immediate relationships with the presence of abundant water vapor and large amount of polluting aerosol particles.
-
Key words:
- Guangzhou /
- polluting fog /
- fog water /
- chemical composition
-
[1] 吴兑,邓雪娇.环境气象学与特种气象预报[M].北京:气象出版社,2001:23-65. [2] TAYLOR G I.The formation of fog and mist[J].Quart J R Meteor Soc,1917,XLlll:2 416-2 468. [3] PILIE R J,MACK E J,KOCMOND W C,et al.The life cycle of valley fog.Part I:Micrometeorological characteristics[J].J App Meteor,1975,14:347-363. [4] JIUSTO J E,LALA GRIESER J G G.Radiation fog field programs,recent studies[J].ASRC SUNY,1983(Publ):869. [5] ROACH W T,BROWN R,CAUGHEY S J,et al.The physics of Radiation fog I:A field study[J].Quart J Roy Meteor Soc,1976,102:313-333. [6] FUZZI S,FACCHINI M C.The Po Valley fog experiment 1989,An overview[J].Tellus,1992,44(B):448-468. [7] 李子华,彭中贵.重庆市冬季雾的物理化学特性[J].气象学报,1994,52(4):477-483. [8] 李子华,董韶宁,彭中贵.重庆雾水化学组分的时空变化特征[J].南京气象学院学报,1996,19(1):63-68. [9] 黄玉生,许文荣,李子华.西双版纳地区冬季辐射雾的初步研究[J].气象学报,1992,50(1):112-117. [10] 吴兑,邓雪娇,毛节泰,等.南岭大瑶山高速公路浓雾的宏微观结构与能见度研究[J].气象学报,2007,65(3):406-415. [11] 黄建平,梅清银,靳永才,等.沪宁地区辐射雾的微物理结构及其演变[J].气象,1998,24(5):3-8. [12] 鲍宝堂,束家鑫,朱炳权.上海城市雾理化特征的研究[J].南京气象学院学报,1995,18(1):114-118. [13] 李子华,黄建平,彭虎.1996年南京连续5天浓雾的物理结构特征[J].气象学报,1999,57(5):622-631. [14] 郭恩铭,余香仁,李炎辉,等.双流机场雾宏微观结构研究[C] //全国云物理和人工影响天气会议文集.北京:气象出版社,1989:35-38. [15] 杨中秋,许绍祖,耿骠.舟山地区春季海雾的形成和微物理结构[J].海洋学报,1989,11(4):431-438. [16] 丁国安,纪湘明,房秀梅,等.庐山云雾水化学组分的某些特征[J].气象学报,1991,49(2):190-197. [17] 刘红杰,王玮,高金和,等.闽南地区酸性雾水特征初探[J].环境科学研究,1996,9(5):30-32. [18] 吴兑,邓雪娇,叶燕翔,等.南岭大瑶山浓雾雾水的化学成分研究[J].气象学报,2004,62(4):476-485. [19] 李德,陈明华,邵德民.上海雾天大气污染及雾水组分研究[J].上海环境科学,1999,18(3):117-120. [20] 朱彬,李子华,黄建平,等.西双版纳城、郊雾水化学组成分析[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(3):316-321. [21] 吴兑,毕雪岩,邓雪娇,等.珠江三角洲大气灰霾导致能见度下降问题研究[J].气象学报,2006,64(4):510-517. [22] 吴兑,邓雪娇,范绍佳,等.南岭大瑶山雾区锋面降水的雨水化学成分研究[J].中山大学学报,2005,44(6):105-109. [23] 吴兑,陈位超.广州气溶胶质量谱与水溶性成分谱的年变化特征[J].气象学报,1994,52(4):499-505. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 908
- HTML全文浏览量: 0
- PDF下载量: 1388
- 被引次数: 0
下载:
粤公网安备 4401069904700003号