INVESTIGATION ONINITIAL SCHEMES FOR BINARY TYPHOONS ROKE AND SONCA IN 2011
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摘要: 采用南海台风模式,对2011年业务预报误差较大的台风“洛克”(1115)和“桑卡”(1116)双台风的初值方案进行试验和研究,目的在于寻求改进预报的线索,从而提升台风模式性能。针对“洛克”和“桑卡”台风设计了几组初值方案对比试验,结果表明,仅对弱台风“桑卡”进行重定位和bogus的初值处理,与对双台风都进行初值处理相比较,两台风的路径预报误差减小。分析认为仅对弱台风作初值处理以改善其涡旋环流的影响是该双台风路径预报得以改进的原因。对2011—2012年所有弱台风进行批量预报试验,结果表明对弱台风采用重定位和bogus的初值处理,台风路径预报和强度预报的误差减小。对弱台风进行重定位和bogus初值处理,可改善模式对弱台风的预报效果。此外,目前南海台风模式中现有的bogus方法构造的涡旋相对于弱台风而言云顶偏高,可考虑发展针对弱台风的涡旋模型。Abstract: Based on the Tropical Region Atmospheric Modeling System for South China Sea (TRAMS), Typhoon Roke (1115) and Sonca (1116) in 2011 which have large forecast errors in numerical operation prediction, have been selected for research focusing on the initial scheme and its influence on forecast.The purpose is to find a clue for model improvement and enhance the performance of the typhoon model. Several initialization schemes have been designed andthe corresponding experimentshave beendone for Typhoon Roke and Sonca. The results show that the forecast error of both typhoons' track and intensity are less using the initial scheme of relocation and bogus just for the weak Typhoon Sonca, compared with using the scheme for both typhoons. By analysis the influence of the scheme on weak typhoon vortex circulation may be the reason that leads to the improvement. All weak typhoons in 2011 to 2012 are selected for tests. It comes to the conclusion that the initial scheme of relocation and bogus can reduce the error of track and intensity forecast. Besides, the height of cloud top in typhoon vortex constructed by bogus is too high according to weak typhoon.It is feasible to develop a bogus which is suitable for weak typhoon.
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表 1 台风初值处理试验设计
试验简称 台风初值处理方法简述 初值处理台风名称 CTR 控制试验 ROKE和SONCA均不作处理 S1 重定位 ROKE和SONCA S2 重定位,bogus(底层气块温度阈值为300 K<Tb<308 K) ROKE和SONCA S3 重定位,bogus(底层气块温度不设阈值) ROKE和SONCA S4 重定位,bogus(底层气块温度不设阈值、相对湿度降为85%) ROKE和SONCA S5 重定位,bogus(底层气块温度不设阈值、相对湿度降为90%) ROKE和SONCA S6 同S5 SONCA S7 同S2 SONCA 表 2 各试验中台风云顶高度
试验简称 前例云顶高度/hPa 后例云顶高度/hPa SONCA ROKA SONCA ROKA S2 150 150 150 150 S3 150 150 150 150 S4 200 150 150 150 S5 200 150 150 150 表 3 2010—2012年弱台风个例和批量试验样本
弱台风名称 编号 预报起报时间 中心气压/hPa 近中心最大风速/(m/s) Chanthu 1003 10071912 1 000 18 10072000 1 000 18 T0KAGE 1107 11071512 1 000 18 KULAP 1114 11090900 1 001 18 11090912 1 008 16 S0NCA 1116 11091512双台风 1 002 18 11091600双台风 1 002 18 11091612双台风 1 000 20 NESAT 1117 11092400 1 000 18 PAKHAR 1201 12032900 1 006 18 12032912 1 002 18 12040112 1 000 18 SANVU 1202 12052200 1 004 18 GUCH0L 1204 12061212 1 000 18 D0KSURI 1206 12062612 1 004 18 SA0LA 1209 12072800 1 000 18 DAMREY 1210 12072812双台风 1 004 18 12072900 1 000 18 12072912 1 000 18 HAIKUI 1211 12080312 1 002 18 SANBA 1216 12091100 1 000 18 12091112 1 000 18 PRAPIR00N 1221 12100712 1 000 18 MARIA 1222 12101412 1 002 18 B0PHA 1224 12112700 1 000 18 12112712 1 000 18 WUK0NG 1225 12122500 1 000 18 12122512 1 000 18 12122700 1 004 18 12122712 1 002 18 12122800 1 002 18 表 4 各预报时效敏感试验和控制试验统计的样本数
预报时效/h 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 C-S 34 29 29 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 25 26 S-S 34 31 30 29 28 28 28 28 28 28 25 24 -
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