不同环境风场条件下冷尾流对台风强度的影响

叶芳; 刘磊; 马占宏; 王成林

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2017.03.008

不同环境风场条件下冷尾流对台风强度的影响

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2017.03.008

解放军理工大学气象海洋学院，江苏南京 211101

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 41230421

国家自然科学基金 41305045

江苏省自然科学基金 BK20151447

详细信息

通讯作者:
刘磊，男，新疆维吾尔自治区人，讲师，博士，主要从事中尺度海气相互作用的研究。E-mail：liu541226@sina.com

中图分类号: P456.7
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-11-16
- 修回日期: 2017-01-21
- 刊出日期: 2017-06-01

Effect of Cold Wake on Typhoon Intensity in Different Environmental Wind Fields

Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101, China

摘要

摘要: 在不同的环境风场作用下台风移动路径出现差异，导致海洋冷尾流呈现不同的响应特征，从而对台风强度产生影响。利用海气耦合模式进行理想试验，模拟研究了在均匀的东、西风场条件下冷尾流的响应特征，以分析台风强度出现差异的原因。研究结果表明，在均匀的东风环境场与β效应的共同作用下，台风路径呈西北方向移动，冷尾流沿台风路径呈非对称分布，右侧降温幅度大于左侧，并持续影响台风内核海气界面热通量的输送。而均匀的西风环境场抵御了部分β效应，使得台风东移北抬，当强度增强到一定程度后向西北方向移动，最大幅度的冷尾流出现在台风南侧，眼区热通量的输送受冷尾流影响较小。另外，在台风快速加强阶段，眼区范围内的潜热通量输送对台风加强更为关键。
- 环境风场 /
- 海气相互作用 /
- 冷尾流 /
- 台风
Abstract: Different typhoon tracks induced by environmental wind fields contribute to distinct responses of ocean cold wake, which affects typhoon intensity significantly. A series of idealized experiments are carried out by using a coupled atmosphere-ocean model to investigate the response characteristics of cold wake and its impact on typhoon intensity in different environmental wind fields. The results show that under the joint action of uniform eastern winds and β-effect, the typhoon moves northwest. The cold wake distributes asymmetrically along the typhoon track with the cooling rate on the right side greater than on the left side and persistently influences the heat flux transport from the inner-core of typhoon. The uniform western winds resist parts of the β-effect, which leads to the typhoon moving eastwards and then northwards. When the typhoon is enhanced to a certain level, it begins to move northwest, where the maximum cooling appears in its south. Therefore, the heat flux transport from the eye of typhoon is seldom affected by the cold wake. It is noted that the latent heat flux transport from the eye of typhoon is more important for typhoon development during its rapid intensification.
- air-sea interaction /
- cold wake /
- typhoon /
- coupled model

HTML全文

图 1 两组敏感性试验的台风移动路径黑圆点为台风初始位置。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 第12小时（a、b）、第42小时（c、d）、第72小时（e、f）的BGE方案（a、c、e）和BGW方案（b、d、f）的台风移动路径及海表面温度（阴影，单位：℃）分布

实线为最大风速半径轨迹，断线为2倍最大风速半径，点线为距台风中心200 km范围。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 均匀东风（a）和西风（b）环境风场作用下的冷尾流影响台风模型图

阴影区表示冷尾流；内侧圆周和外侧圆周分别表示最大风速半径和2倍最大风速半径；由中心指向外侧的箭头表示台风移动方向；圆周外围的箭头表示环境风场。

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图 4 BGE方案和BGW方案的台风中心最低海平面气压（黑色线）与10 m最大风速（蓝色线）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同区域的BGE方案（红线）和BGW方案（蓝线）的台风不同区域范围内的SST、潜热及潜热差值（单位：W/m²）随时间变化曲线

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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