气溶胶直接效应对一次降水影响的机理分析

杨桃进; 刘宇迪

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2017.05.019

气溶胶直接效应对一次降水影响的机理分析

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2017.05.019

杨桃进,
刘宇迪^,

国防科技大学气象海洋学院，江苏南京 211101

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 41175089

详细信息

通讯作者:
刘宇迪，男，内蒙古自治区人，副教授，博士生导师，主要从事大气动力学与数值模拟研究。E-mail:ydliu0509@163.com

中图分类号: P435
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-04-23
- 修回日期: 2016-10-18
- 刊出日期: 2017-10-01

MECHANISM ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACTS OF AEROSOL DIRECT EFFECTS ON A RAINSTORM

Tao-jin YANG,
Yu-di LIU^,

Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, National Universty of Defense Technology, Nanjing 211101, China

摘要

摘要: 利用完全在线耦合气溶胶-辐射-云-降水相互作用的WRF-Chem模式研究了气溶胶直接效应对2012年7月21日一次暴雨的影响。结果表明，WRF-Chem模式较好模拟了此次降水过程中气象场和化学场的变化；模式基本模拟出此次降水的发展过程和总降水量的空间分布特征，气溶胶直接效应不会改变整体降水强度和区域总降水量，但会改变区域内的降水分布形态。在污染地区吸收性气溶胶对太阳短波辐射的吸收使大气中层加热，增强了相应大气层之间的不稳定性，使垂直运动更加强盛，由此霰和雨水对云水的收集增强，可降水粒子增加，降水增强；相反，在污染地区的下风向动力过程则相对减弱，降水减少。气溶胶直接效应通过影响动力过程和微物理过程改变降水的分布
- 气溶胶直接效应 /
- 降水 /
- 机理分析 /
- WRF-Chem
Abstract: The aerosol-radiation-cloud-precipitation was fully coupled online using the WRF-Chem model to investigate the impacts of aerosol direct effects on a heavy rainstorm that occurred on 21 July 2012. The results show that the model could reasonably simulate the variation of meteorological and chemical condition in this rainstorm. The precipitation distribution pattern was changed due to aerosol direct effects while the intensity of rainfall and the regional accumulated precipitation remained the same. The middle atmosphere was heated due to the absorption of shortwave radiation by absorbing aerosols, which increased instability of the corresponding atmosphere layer. As a result, dynamic processes were enhanced and precipitable particles were greatly increased, which contributed to more precipitation. In the downwind of polluted areas, dynamic processes were weakened and thus less precipitation was caused. The aerosol direct effects would change the distribution of precipitation through their impacts on dynamical and microphysical processes
- aerosol direct effects /
- precipitation /
- mechanism analysis /
- WRF-Chem

HTML全文

图 1 模式网格设置

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图 2 2012年7月21日的08时850hPa风场的观测（a）和模拟（b）、21日2 m平均温度的观测（c）和模拟（d）以及08时（e）和20时（f）北京站1温度廓线的观测和模拟的分布

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图 3 观测（a、c）和模拟（b、d）的2012年7月21日（a~b）和22日（c~d）气溶胶光学厚度

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图 4 观测和模拟的北京站2（a、d）、香河（b、e）和兴隆（c、f）的PM_2.5（a~c）和O₃ (d~f)的浓度分布

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图 5 2012年7月21日08时—22日08时的24小时总降水量分布

a.观测；b. CTL；c. NORAD。

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图 6 图 5a中区域观测和模拟的小时降水量（a）和24h总降水量（b）的概率分布以及试验CTL与试验NORAD的24 h总降水量差值（c）

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图 7 2012年7月21日08时—14时平均的试验CTL除BC外非吸收性气溶胶（a）和BC（b）的柱含量分布以及试验CTL和试验NORAD在大气顶（c）、地面（d）和大气中平均（e）的净辐射差值

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图 8 A和B区域平均的短波辐射廓线（a）及其引起的位温倾向（b）

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图 9 2012年7月21日08时—22日08时区域A（a）、区域B（b）的垂直速度概率分布以及试验CTL（c）和试验NORAD（d）在区域A的平均速度时间（北京时）-高度分布

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图 10 霰（a）、雨水（b）和云水（c）的差值以及云量变化（d）

横坐标为北京时。

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图 11 2012年7月21日08时—22日08时试验CTL在A（a）和B（b）区域的各水成物的时间区域平均以及A（c）和B（d）区域的试验CTL与试验NORAD的差值和总的水凝物差值（e）

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表 1 WRF-Chem模式设置

设置方案	D1	D2	D3
分辨率/km	27	9	3
网格数	155×155	175×175	160×160
积云参数化方案	Kain-Fritsch	Kain-Fritsch	无
微物理方案		Lin et al.（双参数方案）^[38]
长/短波辐射		RRTMG
近地面方案		Monin-Obukhov
陆面方案		Noah LSM
边界层方案		MYJ
化学机制		CBM-Z
气溶胶模块		MOSAIC（4 bins）

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