SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD-TO-GROUND LIGHTNING DURING THE LAST DECADE IN SHAANXI PROVINCE BASED ON LLS
-
摘要: 基于2005—2015年闪电观测和NCEP再分析资料，对陕西省地闪时空分布及气候环流特征进行统计分析。结果表明，近10年来陕西地闪呈波动上升趋势，平均12.8万次/a，平均密度为0.67 fl/(km2·a)，负闪占总地闪93.7%。每年3月地闪开始逐渐活跃，年平均强度最大；8月地闪最活跃，盛夏总频次超过全年的75%。陕西地闪频次日变化呈单峰型，峰值在16—17时，下午至前半夜活跃；对应时段在延安周边地区的闪电密集区东移南压明显。陕北地闪日变化幅度明显偏大，关中峰值时段偏晚其他地方约3 h，陕南地闪夜发性明显。陕西地闪主要分布在黄土高原东侧、南侧和秦巴山脉南麓的迎风坡，正闪主要位于陕北和陕南西部局地。相比其他省市，陕西地闪密度明显偏小，但平均强度偏大。陕西地闪活动与西太平洋副热带高压的南北进退变化基本一致，随着季节变化而出现北跳、扩大和迅速消散过程。春季闪电主要位于陕南；初夏陕北南部至渭北明显增多；盛夏闪电最强，北部闪电中心区东移至黄河沿线，关中闪电频次增幅远大于陕北、陕南；夏末闪电迅速消散。陕西盛夏闪电主要包括4种气候类型，不同类型的环流特征差异显著。25 °N以北、80~100 °E附近关键区青藏高压强盛、陕西周边温度槽落后高度槽、相对明显的不稳定层结条件是盛夏闪电活跃的有利环流背景。Abstract: Based on the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning data from 2005 to 2015 probed by Lightning Location System (LLS) in Shaanxi province and NCEP reanalysis data, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of lightning and circulation characteristics are analyzed the first time by comparing with other regions in China. The results show that CG lightning in Shaanxi has a fluctuating rising tendency during the 10 years, and the annual average frequency is 128 000, the CG lightning average density is 0.67 fl/(km2·a) and negative frequency is about 93.7% of the total. Lightning is gradually active from March and its monthly average intensity reaches the annual maximum. The number of CG lightning in midsummer accounts for 75% of the annual total and reaches the maximum in August. CG lightning in Shaanxi is active from afternoon to midnight and high-density areas around Yan'an move eastward and southward obviously. Daily variation of CG lightning frequency peaks during 16:00-17:00, and the amplitude of daily variation in the northern part is obviously larger than in other areas. Daily peak time of CG lightning in Guanzhong is 3 hours later than in other areas. CG lightning is relatively active at night in southern Shaanxi than in other areas. Concentrated CG lightning areas in Shaanxi are mainly distributed in the east and south sides of Loess Plateau, and south sides of Qinling and Bashan Mountains, all of which are windward slopes and altitude gradients are high. Lightning activity area moves northward, and expands and decays quickly with season, which are significant in Shaanxi, and the trend of which is consistent with climatic change of West Pacific Subtropical High. Spring CG lightning is mainly located in the southern part of the province. Lightning reduced significantly in the south and increased obviously in the south part of Northern Shaanxi and Weibei during early summer. During midsummer, active areas and intensity reach annual maximum and the northern lightning center moves eastward to the Yellow River. Meanwhile, increasing amplitude of monthly frequency in Guanzhong is much larger than in other parts. Lightning dissipates rapidly in late summer. Based on monthly change modes of lightning density during midsummer in Shaanxi, there are mainly four climate types to describe the temporal and spatial characteristics, and the features of the four types have significant difference. The circulation characteristics, including Tibetan High near the critical region around north to 25 °N and from 80~100 °E, a temperature trough lagging behind a height trough in the areas surrounding Shaanxi and relatively obvious unstable stratification, are favorable to lightning during midsummer.
-
表 1 2005—2015年陕西省年均闪电密度前20名的区县 单位：fl/(km2·a)。
区县 黄龙 商南 延长 宜川 镇巴 延川 铜川 白水 耀县 宜君 密度 1.54 1.49 1.40 1.28 1.26 1.19 1.19 1.15 1.12 1.10 区县 澄城 蒲城 黄陵 富平 安塞 清涧 勉县 韩城 合阳 洛川 密度 1.07 1.07 1.06 1.05 1.04 1.03 1.00 0.99 0.97 0.97 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 2005—2015年陕西不同地市正、负地闪的平均强度 单位：kA。
地市 榆林 延安 铜川 宝鸡 咸阳 西安 渭南 汉中 安康 商洛 正闪 70.36 64.54 54.06 58.82 58.12 52.48 52.61 52.90 64.60 53.65 负闪 -39.09 -37.12 -28.82 -33.52 -31.90 -31.38 -35.27 -31.52 -42.61 -33.86
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 许小峰.雷电灾害与监测预报[J].气象, 2004, 30(12): 17-21. [2] REEVE N, TOUMI R. Lighting activity as an indicator of climate change[J]. Q J Royal Meteor Soc, 1999, 125: 893-903. [3] 张义军, 孟青, 马明, 等.闪电探测技术发展和资料应用[J].应用气象学报, 2006, 17(5): 611-620. [4] 易燕明, 杨兆礼, 万齐林, 等.近50年广东省雷暴、闪电时空变化特征的研究[J].热带气象学报, 2006, 22(6): 539-546. [5] 林建, 曲晓波.中国雷电事件的时空分布特征[J].气象, 2008, 34(11): 22-30. [6] 巩崇水, 曾淑玲, 王嘉媛, 等.近30年中国雷暴天气气候特征分析[J].高原气象, 2013, 32(5): 1442-1449. [7] 李江林, 余晔, 刘川, 等.青藏高原与黄土高原过渡区雷暴活动特征及东亚夏季风的影响[J].高原气象, 2015, 34(6): 1575-1583. [8] 马明, 陶善昌, 祝宝友, 等.卫星观测的中国及周边地区闪电密度的空间分布[J].中国科学D辑, 2004, 34(4): 298-306. [9] 王艳, 张义军, 马明.卫星观测的我国近海海域闪电分布特征[J].应用气象学报, 2010, 16(6): 157-162. [10] WILLIAMS E R, ROTHKIN K, STEVENSON D, et al. Global lightning variations caused by changes in thunderstorm flash rate and by changes in the number of thunderstorms[J]. J Appl Met, 2000, 39(12): 2223-2230. [11] BOCCIPPIO D J, GOODMAN S J. Regional differences in tropical lightning distributions[J]. J Appl Met, 2000, 39(12): 2231-2248. [12] 郄秀书, RALF T.卫星观测到的青藏高原雷电活动特征[J].高原气象, 2003, 22(3): 288-293. [13] 戴建华, 秦虹, 郑杰.用TRMM/LIS资料分析长江三角洲地区的闪电活动[J].应用气象学报, 2005, 16(6): 728-735. [14] 冯桂力, 陈文选, 刘诗军, 等.山东地区闪电的特征分析[J].应用气象学报, 2002, 13(3): 347-354. [15] 李照荣, 陈添宇, 康凤琴, 等.兰州周边地闪分布特征[J].干旱气象, 2004, 22(23): 45-50. [16] 郑栋, 孟青, 吕伟涛, 等.北京及其周边地区夏季地闪活动时空特征分析[J].应用气象学报, 2005, 16(5): 638-643. [17] 王维佳, 刘建西, 孙林生.成都地区地闪时空特征分析[J].气象科技, 2006, 34(6): 667-673. [18] 杜克磊, 周筠珺.河南地闪气候特征分析[J].成都信息工程学院学报, 2007, 22(增刊): 12-15. [19] 周筠珺, 张健龙, 孙凌.京、津、冀地区地闪特征的统计分析[J].灾害学, 2009, 24(1): 101-105. [20] 王学良, 刘学春, 黄小彦, 等.湖北地区云地闪电时空分布特征分析[J].气象, 2010, 36(10): 91-96. [21] 柴东红, 李宗涛, 田艳婷, 等.河北省近年地闪特征分析[J].自然灾害学报, 2011, 20(3): 13-17. [22] 李家启, 申双和, 刘俊, 等.重庆地区地闪活动空间分布及其趋势分析[J].西南大学学报, 2012, 34(5): 77-84. [23] 林卓宏, 梁敏妍, 于东海, 等.基于闪电监测定位仪资料的江门地区闪电特征分析[J].热带气象学报, 2013, 29(3): 524-528. [24] 冯真祯, 曾金全, 张烨方, 等.福建省地闪时空分布特征分析[J].自然灾害学报, 2013, 22(4): 214-219. [25] 刘三梅, 贺灿花, 许锐文, 等.广东省1999—2013年雷电活动特征的分析[J].广东气象, 2014, 36(6): 32-34. [26] 宋晓爽, 郑栋, 张义军, 等.上海及周边地区地闪活动特征及海陆差异[J].气象科技, 2014, 42(13): 164-172. [27] 王娟, 谌芸. 2009—2012年中国闪电分布特征分析[J].气象, 2015, 41(2): 160-170. [28] 宋敏敏, 郑永光.我国中东部3—9月云地闪电密度和强度分布特征[J].热带气象学报, 2016, 32(3):322-333. [29] 罗慧, 刘勇, 冯桂力, 等.陕西中部一次超强雷暴天气的中尺度特征及成因分析[J].高原气象, 2009, 28(43): 816-826. [30] 慕建利, 李泽椿, 谌芸.一次强暴雨过程地闪活动特征与中尺度对流系统和强降水的关系[J].气象, 2012, 38(1): 56-65. [31] 刘宏. 2011年陕西省雷电活动特征分析[J].陕西气象, 2012(5): 33-35. [32] 王百朋.陕西地区雷电特征及风险评估系统研究[M].西安:西安电子科技大学, 2014. [33] 蔡新玲, 刘宇, 康岚, 等.陕西省雷暴的气候特征[J].高原气象, 2004, 23(增刊1): 118-123. [34] 李亚丽, 杜继稳, 鲁渊平, 等.陕西雷暴灾害及时空分布特征[J].灾害学, 2005, 20(3): 99-102. [35] 韦道明, 李崇银, 谭言科.夏季西太平洋副热带高压南北位置变动特征及其影响[J].气候与环境研究, 2011, 16(3): 255-272. -
点击查看大图
图(12) / 表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 917
- HTML全文浏览量: 42
- PDF下载量: 538
- 被引次数: 0
粤公网安备 4401069904700003号