华南地区西风带飑线和台风飑线环境场特征统计对比分析

方翀; 林隐静; 曹艳察; 盛杰; 朱文剑

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2017.06.017

华南地区西风带飑线和台风飑线环境场特征统计对比分析

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2017.06.017

国家气象中心，北京 100081

基金项目:

公益性行业（气象）科研专项 GYHY201406002

国家自然科学基金项目 41375051

国家重点基础研究发展计划 2013CB430106

中国气象局数值预报（GRAPES）发展专项 GRAPES-FZZX-2017-40

详细信息

通讯作者:
方翀，男，安徽省人，高级工程师，硕士，主要从事中小尺度强对流天气预报研究。E-mail: fangchong@cma.gov.cn

中图分类号: P445
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-09-08
- 修回日期: 2017-03-08
- 刊出日期: 2017-12-01

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STATISTICAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN WESTERLY SQUALL LINE AND TYPHOON SQUALL LINE IN SOUTH CHINA

National Meteorological Centre, Beijing 100081

摘要

摘要: 利用2012—2015年3—9月华南地区的雷暴大风和雷达数据，挑选了华南地区20次典型飑线过程并进行统计分析表明：华南地区的西风带飑线出现于春季和初夏，台风飑线出现于盛夏；3—4月的西风带飑线一般在凌晨开始发展，中午前后趋于减弱，而7—9月的台风飑线一般在中午或下午开始发展，前半夜趋于减弱。挑选了4次西风带飑线过程和4次台风飑线过程，使用2012—2014年的NCEP物理量分析场，在考虑季节变化的基础上分析两类飑线各种物理量的异同点，结果表明：西风带飑线850 hPa与500 hPa的温差较大，台风飑线则是925 hPa与700 hPa的温差较大；西风带飑线低层暖平流较强但中层不明显，台风飑线相反；在西风带飑线造成的雷暴大风出现前，500 hPa温度平流随时间的变化为显著负值，台风飑线则不明显；西风带飑线的高层辐散和低层辐合较台风飑线更强；台风飑线925 hPa的相对湿度较西风带飑线小，在西风带飑线造成的雷暴大风出现前，500 hPa以干平流为主而925 hPa以湿平流为主，台风飑线则相反。对两种飑线过程进行对比分析表明，雷暴高压的持续加强、扩大及相应冷池的扩大导致西风带飑线的不断加强发展，而台风倒槽的气旋性切变和高低压之间的等压线锋区可能对回波的生成和前期发展有重要作用。
- 西风带飑线 /
- 台风飑线 /
- 雷暴大风 /
- 物理量 /
- 雷暴高压
Abstract: 20 Typical squall line processes are selected based on the March to September's thunder-gust winds and radar data in South China and the temporal distribution are analyzed. The results show that the westerly squall lines appear in spring and early summer, typhoon squall lines appear in summer, and March-April westerly squall lines begin to develop earliest in the morning and tend to weaken around noon while July-September typhoon squall lines begin to develop mostly at noon or afternoon and tend to weaken around early night. Four westerly squall line processes and four typhoon squall line processes are selected and the similarities and differences of various physical quantity characteristics are analyzed between the two types of squall line based on the NCEP data. The results show that the average 850 hPa and 500 hPa temperature difference of the westerly squall line is large, the average 925 hPa and 700 hPa temperature difference of the typhoon squall line is large; the average low-level warm advection of the westerly squall line is strong and the middle-level warm advection is not noticeable, the typhoon squall line is exactly the opposite; the change of 500 hPa average temperature advection over time is a significant negative value before the thunder-gust winds caused by westerly squall lines and the typhoon squall line is inconspicuous; for two types squall lines, 200 hPa is divergent and 925 hPa is convergent, but the westerly squall lines are better defined than the typhoon squall lines; the average 925 hPa relative humidity of typhoon squall line is significantly less than the average season value and less than the 850 hPa relative humidity; there is mainly weak dry advection on 500 hPa and weak dominating advection on 925 hPa before the thunder-gust winds caused by westerly squall lines; there is significant dominatingadvection on 500 hPa and dry advection on 925 hPa before the thunder-gust winds caused by typhoon squall lines. Finally, two squall line processes are compared and analyzed.The results show that the continuous enhancement of thunderstorm high and the expansion of the cold pool lead to the continuous development of the westerly squall line, and the cyclonic shear and isobaric line front may be an important role in the generation and early development of echo.
- westerly squall line /
- typhoon squall line /
- thunder-gust wind /
- physical quantity /
- thunderstorm high

HTML全文

图 1 500 hPa的温度（a，单位：℃）、多层温度差值（b、c，单位：℃）、温度平流（d、e，单位：K×10^-6 /s）和多层温度平流随时间（6小时）变化（f，单位：K×10^-6

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 最有利抬升指数（a，单位：℃）、最大对流有效位能（b，单位：J/kg）和对流抑制能量（c，单位：J/kg）对比

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图 3 多层散度及其随时间（间隔6小时）变化

单位：10^-5 s^-1。

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图 4 各层垂直风切变（a）及其随时间变化（b）

单位：m/s。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 各层的整层可降水量（a，单位：mm）、相对湿度（b，单位：%）、相对湿度差（c，单位：%）及相对湿度随时间（6小时）变化（d，单位：%）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 2013年4月30日08时清远（a，西风带飑线）和2013年8月13日08时阳江（b，台风飑线）的高空观测实况

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 华南区域典型飑线过程概况

日期/年月日	飑线类型	首次雷暴大风	末次雷暴大风
20130320	西风带	01:35	07:43
20130324	西风带	21:49	06:39
20130326	西风带	11:53	18:54
20130328	西风带	07:43	15:57
20130430	西风带	07:15	16:51
20130520	西风带	14:40	18:52
20130529	西风带	13:15	18:37
20140331	西风带	05:21	10:39
20140517	西风带	13:54	20:39
20140518	西风带	13:34	19:33
20140522	西风带	10:35	18:27
20140606	西风带	04:51	14:44
20150511	西风带	10:37	16:23
20140530	西风带	10:43	15:26
20150611	西风带	12:49	16:11
20120816	台风	12:47	20:01
20130813	台风	14:35	20:11
20140723	台风	16:24	20:08
20140724	台风	14:04	21:09
20140915	台风	16:45	22:56

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