Chanchu台风(0601)精细结构中的熵流特征分析

廖玥; 王咏青; 周嘉陵

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2018.05.010

Chanchu台风(0601)精细结构中的熵流特征分析

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2018.05.010

廖玥^{1, 2},
王咏青^{1, 2, ,},
周嘉陵^{2, 3}

1.
南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/气象灾害教育部重点实验室/大气科学学院，江苏南京 210044
2.
南京大气科学联合研究中心，江苏南京 210009
3.
江苏省气象科学研究所，江苏南京 210009

基金项目:

北极阁开放研究基金——南京大气科学联合研究中心 NJCAR2018MS02

国家自然科学基金 41530427

国家自然科学基金 41275002

国家自然科学基金 41875070

江苏省“333高层次人才培养工程”; 江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目 PAPD

详细信息

通讯作者:
王咏青，女，江西省人，教授，博士，研究方向：台风和中小尺度动力学、中尺度数值模拟。E-mail：yongqing@nuist.edu.cn

中图分类号: P444
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-08-01
- 修回日期: 2018-05-08
- 刊出日期: 2018-10-01

ENTROPY FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPHOON Chanchu's (0601) FINE STRUCTURE

Yue LIAO^{1, 2},
Yong-qing WANG^{1, 2
, ,},
Jia-ling ZHOU^{2, 3}

1.
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
2.
Nanjing Joint Center of Atmospheric Research, Nanjing 210009, China
3.
Jiangsu Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Nanjing 210009, China

摘要

摘要: 在耗散结构理论的基础上，根据热力学第二定律推导出了熵平衡方程。利用高分辨率模式输出资料通过对比Chanchu台风(0601)螺旋雨带上游、中游和下游及眼壁附近不同区域对流单体和熵流分布情况，揭示出负熵流值与台风的强对流单体有密切联系。基于负熵流与台风精细结构的配置分析，研究中尺度范围内熵流随Chanchu台风发生、发展、消亡各阶段的演变特征。分析表明，对流单体在从雨带上游至下游的演变过程中，熵流分布特征也会发生相应的变化，强对流单体与负熵流大值区相对应；当对流单体减弱，负熵流也随之减弱；当单体最后合并并汇入眼墙时，负熵流彼此合并旋入眼墙，有助于眼墙中深厚对流的维持和发展；此外，负熵流对于Chanchu台风在各发展阶段的强度变化也有一定的指示意义，揭示了负熵流对大气系统的组织化作用。
- 台风 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 耗散结构 /
- 熵平衡方程 /
- 对流单体 /
- 熵流 /
- 负熵流
Abstract: Based on dissipation structure theory, an entropy balance equation is derived from the Gibbs relation, according to the second law of thermodynamics. The distribution of convective cells and entropy flow in the upstream, midstream and downstream of spiral rainband and eyewall are examined using a high-resolution simulation data of Typhoon Chanchu (2006). By comparing the distribution of entropy flow in different parts of spiral rainband and eyewall, we find that the distribution of negative entropy flow is in close contact with deep convective cells. The evolution characteristics of the entropy flow accompanying with the onset, development and extinction of the typhoon are also analyzed based on the configuration of negative entropy flow and fine structure of the typhoon. It is indicated that in the evolution of convective cells from upstream to downstream of the rainband, the distribution characteristics of entropy flow will change accordingly. Deep convective cells correspond with a large-value region of negative entropy flow. As convective cells weaken, the absolute value of negative entropy flow decreases. When the convective cells merge and flow into the eyewall, the negative entropy flows aggregate in the eyewall and the highest negative entropy comes into being, which contributes to the maintenance and development of deep convection in the eyewall. Furthermore, negative entropy flow may be a significant indicator for intensity variation of the typhoon, suggesting the systematization effect of negative entropy flow on atmospheric systems.
- typhoon /
- numerical simulation /
- dissipation structure /
- entropy balance equation /
- convective cells /
- entropy flow /
- negative entropy flow

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图 1 模式嵌套网格示意图

A、B、C、D分别为分辨率54 km、18 km、6 km、2 km的嵌套网格，叠加的矢量场为5月10日0000 UTC时刻的700 hPa水平风场；A、B、C位置固定，D跟随TC中心沿D1到D2移动，TC标记处代表TC初始位置。

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图 2 模拟和观测台风同时段内移动路径对比图(a)、模拟和观测台风同时段内地面10 m最大水平风速(V_max)和海平面最低气压(SLP)随时间的演变(b)

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图 3 850 hPa上方位角平均的垂直速度(阴影，m/s)和切向风(黑线，m/s)随时间变化

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图 4 14日15时45分850 hPa高度雷达反照率(阴影，dBz)水平分布图及所选雨带三个区域分布(K1、K2、K3)

蓝色虚线为最大风速所在半径。

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图 5 a. 图 4中K1区域雷达反照率(阴影，dBz)和熵流(黑线，J/(m³·s·K))的放大图；b.沿着图 5a中蓝色线段A1至A2切向方向的雷达反照率(阴影，dBz)和熵流(蓝线，J/(m³·s·K))的垂直剖面图；c、d分别是b对应的熵流的水平项和垂直项并叠加了风矢(m/s)，等值线间隔3 J/(m³·s·K)。

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图 6 图 4中K2区域的放大图(a)，沿着图 6a中蓝色线段B1至B2的垂直剖面图(b、c、d)

其余说明同图 5。

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图 7 图 4中K3区域的放大图(a)，沿着图 7a中蓝色线段C1至C2的垂直剖面图(b、c、d)

其余说明同图 5。

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图 8 a. 14日16时45分850 hPa上半径100 km范围内的雷达反照率(阴影，dBz)和熵流(黑线，间隔2 J/(m³·s·K))的水平分布图(白色虚线为850 hPa高度RMW所在位置，黑色实线为剖面沿线)；b.沿着中黑实线所做的雷达反照率(阴影，dBz)和熵流(蓝线，间隔2 J/(m³·s·K))的垂直剖面图；c、d分别是b对应的熵流的水平项和垂直项，等值线间隔: 4 J/(m³·s·K)。

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图 9 “珍珠”中心及其邻近范围内三维总熵流(实线, J/(m³·s·K))及10 m最大风速(虚线, m/s)随时间的演变

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