青藏高原热力作用对南海及周边区域夏季气候的影响研究进展

李春晖; 何超; 万齐林

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2019.024

青藏高原热力作用对南海及周边区域夏季气候的影响研究进展

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2019.024

1.
中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所/广东省区域数值天气预报重点实验室，广东广州 510640
2.
暨南大学环境与气候研究院，广东广州 510632

基金项目:

973项目 2018YFC1505801

国家自然科学基金项目 41675096

国家自然科学基金项目 41505067

广州市科技计划项目 201607010153

详细信息

通讯作者:
李春晖，女，广东省人，副研究员，主要从事热带季风气候、季节内振荡和短期气候预测。Email: chli@grmc.gov.cn

中图分类号: P468.1.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-04-17
- 修回日期: 2018-12-03
- 刊出日期: 2019-04-01

THE THERMAL EFFECT OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU ON THE SUMMER CLIMATE OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SURROUNDING AREAS

1.
Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction, China Meteorological Administration, Guangzhou 510640, China
2.
Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China

摘要

摘要: 针对青藏高原热力强迫作用对东亚夏季风强度、南海夏季风爆发早晚、南海周边区域旱涝的影响，以及在全球变暖背景下其对降水格局的影响等科学研究进行了总结回顾，并就青藏高原热力作用对南海周边区域夏季气候的影响科学问题进行了探讨。研究表明，高原冬春积雪异常通过影响雪盖反照率、改变辐射平衡和通过积雪-水文效应改变土壤湿度两个途径来影响东亚夏季风；通过改变大陆-海洋经向热力对比影响南海季风爆发早晚；通过改变西太平洋副高位置和季风环流变化来影响华南和长江流域夏季降水的分布。在全球变暖背景下，青藏高原感热加热的减弱可能对降水年代际“南涝北旱”格局的形成具有重要贡献。随着全球变暖减缓，青藏高原中部和东部的感热呈现出复苏态势，“南涝北旱”的降水格局分布在将来有可能被打破。
- 青藏高原 /
- 南海及周边区域 /
- 夏季气候
Abstract: Advances in the research of the thermal effect of the Tibetan Plateau on the East Asian summer monsoon intensity, the South China Sea summer monsoon onset, the surrounding area of the South China Sea flood and drought, and its impact on the precipitation patterns under the background of global warming are introduced. Some scientific questions for further study about the thermal effect of the Tibetan Plateau on the South China Sea surrounding areas summer climate are discussed. It is showed that snow cover abnormalities in winter and spring affects the East Asian summer monsoon by affecting the snow albedo-temperature feedback, changing the radiation balance and altering the soil moisture through the snow-hydrological effect. It can lead to the onset time abnormal of the South China Sea monsoon by changing the continental-ocean meridional thermal contrast. It can modulate the distribution of summer precipitation in the South China and Yangtze River basins by changing the western Pacific subtropical high and monsoon circulation. Under the background of global warming, the weakening of sensible heat in the Tibetan Plateau may contribute to the formation of precipitation of the interdecadal "Southern and Northern Drought" pattern. As global warming slows, the sensible heat in the central and eastern parts of the Tibetan Plateau shows a recovery trend, and the precipitation pattern of the "Southern and Northern Sichuan" may be broken in the future.
- the Tibetan Plateau /
- the South China Sea surrounding areas /
- summer climate

HTML全文

图 1 青藏高原雪盖异常影响东亚夏季风机制示意图

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 南海季风活跃时期200 hPa温度场和风场与季风爆发前的差值(a)、南海季风爆发时200 hPa流场和纬向风分布(b)

a.虚线表示温度等值线, 间距为0.5 ℃，阴影由浅到深表示温度变化大于3 ℃、4 ℃、5 ℃。粗短虚线为3 000 m地形等高线。b.细虚线表示纬向风部分特征等值线，阴影区表示西风急流区，风速大于25 m/s。粗长虚线表示热带东风急流轴线^[55]。此图引自张永生和吴国雄，1999^[55]。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 500 hPa位势高度回归到青藏高原东部（EP）和西部（WP）雪盖指数分布图

此图引自Zhao and Moore, 2004^[78]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 1957—2006年中国海拔高度大于1 000 m站点平均地气温差（3—6月）与东部平均降水（4—7月）的滞后相关（两者相关的3个层次用不同3个红色椭圆分别表示，两个蓝色箭头分别为这3个相关的层次之间两次月际跳跃

此图引自Xu et al, 2008^[94]。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 a.春季青藏高原视热源（Q₁）年际变化及其趋势曲线（实线）；b~g.各年代中国大陆区域夏季（6—8月）降水年代际距平场（相对1950—2000多年平均值）

箭头代表各年代主体雨带北移或南压趋势。引自Xu, et al，2013^[133]。

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