ENSO多样性研究进展

徐华; 徐建军; 范伶俐

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2019.025

ENSO多样性研究进展

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2019.025

广东海洋大学海洋与气象学院，广东湛江 524088

基金项目:

印度洋重点航线及港口的环境保障与预报技术研究 XDA20060503

国家重点研发计划 2017YFC1501802

详细信息

通讯作者:
徐建军，男，江苏省人，教授，博士，从事海气相互作用与资料同化研究。E-mail: jxu@gdou.edu.cn

中图分类号: P732
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-03-30
- 修回日期: 2018-12-28
- 刊出日期: 2019-04-01

ENSO DIVERSITY: A REVIEW

College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China

摘要

摘要: El Niño是热带中东太平洋异常偏暖的现象，发展过程具有显著的季节锁相特征。近年来，新形态事件更频繁发生引起了科学界广泛关注。学者们根据空间分布形态或爆发时间将ENSO事件分为两类，虽然选取标准不同，分类结果却有诸多相似点：中太平洋(Dateline、Modoki、CP、WP及SU型)El Niño事件发展至成熟时，正SSTA中心位于赤道太平洋中部；东太平洋(传统、EP、CT及SP型)El Niño发展至成熟时，正SSTA中心位于赤道东太平洋，低层西风异常更强，向东传输的距离也更远。研究结果显示，东太平洋El Niño比中太平洋El Niño持续时间更长，强度也更强；两类事件对全球气候的影响模态有很大的差异。近几十年，中太平洋El Niño出现频率有所增加，但其原因尚未清楚。关于两类事件生成发展和位相转换的动力原因，目前科学界普遍认为东太平洋El Niño是一个海盆尺度的海气耦合过程，其生消过程与温跃层的变化有紧密联系，但对中太平洋El Niño的动力机制尚未有统一的认识。
- ENSO /
- El Niño /
- 多样性 /
- 指数 /
- 动力机制
Abstract: El Niño usually means a significant warming of the ocean surface in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, and it is phase-locked to the seasonal cycle. In recent years, more occurrences of a new type of ENSO have caused widespread concern. The warm episodes have been classified into two types according to the special structure or the onset time of El Niño events. The classifications have a lot of similar characteristics despite the different standards. On the mature phase of the eastern Pacific El Niño event, a positive SSTA center is located in the eastern tropical Pacific, surface westerly anomalies are strong and cover a large part of the tropical Pacific. On the mature phase of the central Pacific El Niño event, a positive SSTA center confines in the central Pacific. The intensity of the eastern Pacific El Niño event is stronger than that of the central Pacific El Niño and the duration of the eastern Pacific El Niño event is longer than that of the central Pacific El Niño. These two types of ENSO events exert quite different influences on the global climate. The frequency of the central Pacific El Niño event has increased in recent decades, but the reason for this is not clear yet. As to the mechanisms of the generation, development and phase transition of the two types of ENSO events, a relatively unified understanding of the eastern Pacific El Niño is reached. It is generally believed that this type of ENSO appears to be a basin-wide coupling phenomenon between the ocean and the atmosphere and shows a strong teleconnection with thermocline variations. However, the mechanism of central Pacific El Niño is quite uncertain.
- ENSO /
- El Niño /
- diversity /
- index /
- mechanism

HTML全文

表 1 1950—2005年El Niño事件的分类结果对比

El Niño事件	类型
El Niño事件	Dateline^[17-18](1950—2003年)	Modoki^[21](1979—2005年)	EP/CP^[36](1950—2005年)	CT/WP^[24] (1970—2005年)	SP/SU^[26] (1950—2000年)
1951/1952年	Typical	—	EP	—	SU
1957/1958年	Typical	—	CP	—	SP
1963/1964年	Dateline	—	CP	—	SU
1965/1966年	Typical	—	CP	—	SP
1968/1969年	Dateline	—	CP	—	SU
1972/1973年	Typical	—	EP	CT	SP
1976/1977年	Typical	—	EP	CT	SU
1977/1978年	Dateline	—	CP	WP
1982/1983年	Typical		EP	CT	SP
1986/1987年	Dateline	Modoki	CP	Mixed	SU
1990/1991年	Dateline	Modoki		WP
1991/1992年	Typical	Modoki	CP	Mixed	SP
1994/1995年	Dateline	Modoki	CP	WP	SU
1997/1998年	Typical		EP	CT	SP
2002/2003年	Typical	Modoki	CP	WP	—
2004/2005年	—	Modoki	CP	WP	—
注：(a)红色字体表示事件归属于本文分类中的东太平洋El Niño，蓝色字体表示事件归属中太平洋El Niño，“—”表示超出所引用文献的研究时间范围; (b) Ashok等的分类中只关注Modoki事件，对于东太平洋El Niño并没有定义。

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