南海夏季风爆发前后华南前汛期降水日变化对比分析

刘亚楠; 王东海; 李国平; 丁伟钰

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2019.034

南海夏季风爆发前后华南前汛期降水日变化对比分析

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2019.034

1.
成都信息工程大学，四川成都 610225
2.
广东省气候变化与自然灾害研究重点实验室/南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室，广东珠海 519082
3.
中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所，广东广州 510641

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41775097

国家自然科学基金项目 91437221

广东省科技计划 2017B020218003

广东省自然科学基金项目 2016A030313140

详细信息

通讯作者:
王东海，男，广东省人，教授，主要从事中小尺度数值模拟研究。E-mail: wangdh7@mail.sysu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P426.6
计量
- 文章访问数: 432
- HTML全文浏览量: 18
- PDF下载量: 101
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-04-03
- 修回日期: 2019-02-28
- 刊出日期: 2019-06-01

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF ANNUALLY FIRST RAINY SEASON RAINFALL IN SOUTH CHINA BEFORE AND AFTER THE ONSET OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON

1.
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
2.
School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai 519082, China
3.
Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, CMA, Guangzhou 510641, China

摘要

摘要: 利用华南地区248个国家级地面气象站逐小时降水数据和14个探空站数据，分析了2003—2016年4—6月华南前汛期降水日变化特征。据南海夏季风爆发时间，将降水分为爆发前后两个时段。华南地区主要存在两条大雨带，一个位于云贵高原至南岭山脉以南，另一个位于广东沿海地区。偏北雨带集中发生在后半夜至清晨时段，偏南雨带集中发生在中午至下午时段。南海夏季风爆发前后，降水量不存在明显相关性，相关系数较大时次位于中午至下午时段。前后期年降水标准差在0.5附近，变化幅度明显时段主要集中于凌晨至清晨。午后出现3 h多年降水量变化幅度最大值，最小时段为中午12时。降水量、降水频率和降水强度的经向分布特征明显且相似：降水量和降水频率在112 °E附近出现日变化转折，以西多出现不稳定夜雨，以东白天降水波动较大。在南海夏季风爆发前，降水特征主要表现为西部高频、南部高强，在清晨更多作用于对暴雨系统的增长；季风爆发后则表现为西北-东南南的高频率高强度降水形态，在傍晚更多作用于增加降水发生频率。
- 华南前汛期 /
- 南海夏季风爆发 /
- 降水日变化 /
- 对比分析
Abstract: In this paper, national hourly precipitation data set from 248 stations in southern China and L-band data extracted from 14 stations were selected to analyze the diurnal variation of annually first rainy season (AFRS) rainfall from April to June in 2003—2016. Based on the onset pentad of South China Sea Summer Monsoon, the AFRS is divided into pre- and post-monsoon-onset periods. There are two major rain bands in southern China: one is located at the south of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Nanling Mountains, and the other is around the coastal areas of Guangdong. The northern rain belt mainly occurs from midnight to early morning, and the southern rain belt is concentrated from noon to afternoon. There is no obvious correlation of precipitation around the onset of the monsoon. While relatively large correlation is mainly from noon to afternoon, there are even negative correlation coefficients. Standard deviations are mainly around 0.5 and change the most at early morning while the smallest change is at noon. Longitudinal distributions of rainfall amount, frequency and intensity are similar: 112 °E is the longitude where transition happens. Unstable nighttime rain mostly occurs to its west while fluctuating rain happens to its east. In the pre-monsoon-onset period, the rainfall pattern is of high frequency in the west and of large intensity in the south. The major influence of the monsoon is more clearly shown in the strengthening of the intensity of heavy rain. In the post-monsoon-onset period, however, the rainfall pattern is of west, north-east through southeast, south with high frequency and intensity. The monsoon mostly plays a role in increasing the frequency.
- pre-summer precipitation in southern China /
- South China Sea Summer Monsoon /
- diurnal variation /
- comparative analysis

HTML全文

图 1 历年南海季风爆发候及强度指数

柱状图为爆发候，14年平均爆发候为28为浅绿色实线，红色折线为爆发强度指数。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 华南地区地势及站点水平分布

填色为海拔高度，单位：m，黑色细虚线区域(107~117 °E，21~27 °N)为本文所研究的华南地区，红色圆点为台站，绿色圆点为探空站及站名缩写，蓝色虚线为降水带，黑色粗虚线内外按探空站分布来研究。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 华南地区地势经向平均剖面图

单位： m，绿色虚线区域为本文所研究的华南地区，蓝色实线为两条雨带所在经度。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 南海夏季风爆发候前(a)、后(b)日均降水空间分布图

单位：mm/day。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 逐年及多年区域平均前后期小时降水量标准差(mm/h)及相关系数

a~e为逐年，f为14年区域平均。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 南海季风爆发前期(a)和后期(b)降水频率时间-经向分布

单位：%。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 南海季风爆发前期(a)和后期(b)降水强度时间-经向分布

单位：mm/h。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 南海季风爆发前期(a)和后期(b)降水量与区域平均降水量比率的时间-经向分布

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 前期(左)、后期(右)北京时00—07时、08—15时及16—23时降水量(a, b)、降水频率(c, d)及降水强度(e, f)的区域平均标准差经向分布

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 前期(a)、后期(b)降水量、降水频率及降水强度区域平均标准化24 h分布

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 探空站降水过程(≥10 mm/h)的时次分布

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 各物理量及平均小时降水量在前期(上)、后期(下)08时(左)和20时(右)的站点变化

灰色柱状图为各物理量平均值，与降水量共同使用左边坐标轴；彩色柱状图为各物理量标准化变量，使用右边坐标轴。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 经向站点个数

经度/°E	107.0	107.5	108.0	108.5	109.0	109.5	110.0	110.5	111.0	111.5
站点数	11	14	13	9	15	10	18	17	9	14

经度/°E	112.0	112.5	113.0	113.5	114.0	114.5	115.0	115.5	116.0	116.5
站点数	15	14	15	10	12	12	9	7	13	11

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(42)

[1]	ZHAO Y F, WANG D H, LIANG Z M, et al. On the dynamics of the large-scale circulation during the persistent severe rainfall events in Southern China[J]. J Meteor Soc Japan, 2017, 95(2): 111-125.
[2]	黄士松.华南前汛期暴雨[M].广州:广东科技出版社, 1986:244.
[3]	周秀骥, 薛纪善, 陶祖钰, 等. 98'华南暴雨科学试验研究[M].北京:气象出版社, 2003:1-10.
[4]	赵玉春, 王叶红.近30年华南前汛期暴雨研究概述[J].暴雨灾害, 2009, 28(3): 193-202, 228.
[5]	LIANG Z M, WANG D H, LIU Y, et al. A numerical study of the convection triggering and propagation associated with sea breeze circulation over Hainan Island[J]. J Geophys Res, 2017, 122(16): 8567-8592.
[6]	WALLACE J M. Diurnal variations in precipitation and thunderstorm frequency over the conterminous United States[J]. Mon Wea Rev, 1975, 103(5): 406-419.
[7]	MURAKAMI M. Analysis of the deep convective activity over the Western Pacific and Southeast Asia. Part I: Diurnal variation[J]. J Meteor Soc Japan, 1983, 61(1): 60-76.
[8]	DAI A G, GIORGI F, TRENBERTH K E. Observed and model-simulated diurnal cycle of precipitation over the contiguous United States[J]. J Geophys Res, 1999, 104(D6): 6377-6402.
[9]	KISHTAWAL C M, KRISHNAMURTI T N. Diurnal variation of summer rainfall over Taiwan and its detection using TRMM observations[J]. J Appl Meteor, 2001, 40(3): 331-344.
[10]	NESBITT S W, ZIPSER E J. The diurnal cycle of rainfall and convective intensity according to three years of TRMM Measurements[J]. J Climate, 2003, 16(10): 1456-1475.
[11]	TSAKRAKLIDES G, EVANS J L. Global and regional diurnal variations of organized convection[J]. J Climate, 2003, 16(10): 1562-1572.
[12]	DAI A G. Global precipitation and thunderstorm frequencies. Part II: Diurnal variations[J]. J Climate, 2001, 14(6): 1112-1128.
[13]	DAI A G, LIN X, HSU K L. The frequency, intensity, and diurnal cycle of precipitation in surface and satellite observations over low- and mid-latitudes[J]. Clim Dyn, 2007, 29(7-8): 727-744.
[14]	HIROSE M, NAKAMURA K J. Spatial and diurnal variation of precipitation systems over Asia observed by the TRMM Precipitation Radar[J]. J Geophys Res, 2005, 110(D5): D05106.
[15]	TAKAHASHI H G, FUJINAMI H, YASUNARI T, et al. Diurnal rainfall pattern observed by Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Radar (TRMM-PR) around the Indochina peninsula[J]. J Geophys Res, 2010, 115(D7): D07109.
[16]	OHSAWA T, UEDA H, HAYASHI T, et al. Diurnal variations of convective activity and rainfall in Tropical Asia[J]. J Meteor Soc Japan, 2001, 79(1B): 333-352.
[17]	SAHANY S, VENUGOPAL V, NANJUNDIAH R S. Diurnal-scale signatures of monsoon rainfall over the Indian region from TRMM satellite observations[J]. J Geophys Res, 2010, 115(D2): D02103.
[18]	YU R C, ZHOU T J, XIONG A Y, et al. Diurnal variations of summer precipitation over contiguous China[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2007, 34(1): 223-234.
[19]	ZHOU T J, YU R C, CHEN H M, et al. Summer precipitation frequency, intensity, and diurnal cycle over China: A comparison of satellite data with rain gauge observations[J]. J Climate, 2008, 21(16): 3997-4010.
[20]	LI J, YU R C, ZHOU T J, et al. Seasonal variation of the diurnal cycle of rainfall in southern contiguous China[J]. J Climate, 2008, 21(22): 6036-6043.
[21]	CHEN G X, SHA W M, IWASAKI T. Diurnal variation of precipitation over southeastern China: Spatial distribution and its seasonality[J]. J Geophys Res, 2009, 114(D13): D13103.
[22]	CHEN G X, SHA W M, IWASAKI T, et al. Diurnal variation of rainfall in the Yangtze River Valley during the spring-summer transition from TRMM measurements[J]. J Geophys Res, 2012, 117(D6): D06106.
[23]	CHEN H M, YU R C, LI J, et al. Why nocturnal long-duration rainfall presents an eastward-delayed diurnal phase of rainfall down the Yangtze River Valley[J]. J Climate, 2010, 23(4): 905-917.
[24]	CHEN X C, ZHAO K, XUE M. Spatial and temporal characteristics of warm season convection over Pearl River Delta region, China, based on 3years of operational radar data[J]. J Geophys Res Atmos, 2015, 119(22): 12447-12465.
[25]	CHEN X C, ZHAO K, XUE M, et al. Radar-observed diurnal cycle and propagation of convection over the Pearl River Delta during Mei-Yu season[J]. J Geophys Res Atmos, 2015, 120(5): 12557-12575.
[26]	DING Y H. Summer monsoon rainfalls in China[J]. J Meteor Soc Japan, 1992, 70(1): 337-396.
[27]	DING Y H, CHAN J C L. The east Asian Summer Monsoon: An overview[J]. Meteor Atmos Phys, 2005, 89(1-4): 117-142.
[28]	姜晓玲, 王东海, 尹金方, 等.夏季风爆发前后中国区域对流层顶高度变化特征[J].应用气象学报, 2016, 27(4): 445-453.
[29]	谷德军, 纪忠萍, 林爱兰.影响南海夏季风爆发年际变化的关键海区及机制初探[J].热带气象学报, 2018, 34(1):1-11.
[30]	许琪, 管兆勇.海洋性大陆核心区域非绝热加热年代际变化及其与东亚夏季风变异的可能联系[J].热带气象学报, 2017, 33(1): 21-29.
[31]	李春晖, 潘蔚娟, 李霞, 等.南海-西太平洋春季对流10~30天振荡强度对南海夏季风爆发早晚的影响[J].热带气象学报, 2017, 33(1): 43-52.
[32]	CHEN J, ZHENG Y G, ZHANG X L, et al. Distribution and diurnal variation of warm-season short-duration heavy rainfall in relation to the MCSs in China[J]. J Meteor Res, 2013, 27(6): 868-888.
[33]	JIANG Z N, ZHANG D L, XIA R D, et al. Diurnal variations of presummer rainfall over Southern China[J]. J Climate, 2017, 30(2): 755-773.
[34]	孙丽, 赵姝慧, 张晋广, 等.基于相对湿度阈值法的沈阳地区云垂直分布特征[J].干旱气象, 2017, 35(4): 619-625.
[35]	ZHANG S J, WANG D H, QIN Z K, et al. Assessment of the GPM and TRMM precipitation products using the rain gauge network over the Tibetan Plateau[J]. J Meteor Res, 2018, 32(2): 324-336.
[36]	夏茹娣, 赵思雄, 孙建华.一类华南锋前暖区暴雨β中尺度系统环境特征的分析研究[J].大气科学, 2006, 30(5): 988-1008.
[37]	李博, 刘黎平, 赵思雄, 等.局地低矮地形对华南暴雨影响的数值试验[J].高原气象, 2013, 32(6): 1638-1650.
[38]	赵玉春, 李泽椿, 肖子牛, 等.一次热带系统北上引发华南大暴雨的诊断分析和数值研究[J].气象学报, 2007, 65(4): 561-577.
[39]	刘海文, 丁一汇.华北汛期日降水特性的变化分析[J].大气科学, 2010, 34(1): 12-22.
[40]	周胜男, 罗亚丽, 汪会.青藏高原、中国东部及北美副热带地区夏季降水系统发生频次的TRMM资料分析[J].气象, 2015, 41(1): 1-16.
[41]	王东海, 夏茹娣, 刘英. 2008年华南前汛期致洪暴雨特征及其对比分析[J].气象学报, 2011, 69(1): 137-148.
[42]	郑彬, 谷德军, 李春晖, 等.华南前汛期的锋面降水和夏季风降水II.空间分布特征[J].大气科学, 2007, 31(3): 495-504.