ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS ON URBAN HEAT ISLAND IN JINGJIANG, FUJIAN
-
摘要: 利用传统的气象站法, 结合空间统计学方法(普通克里金插值法), 对福建省晋江市2010—2014年40个自动气象站逐小时温度资料加以计算处理, 分析了晋江市年、季、昼夜热岛强度时空变化规律。(1)晋江市年、季、昼夜热岛强度都呈带状分布, 等值线呈西南-东北走向, 年、季、昼夜变化趋势显著, 北部热岛强度高于南部。五年间热岛强度持续增强, 但增幅不大, 增速放缓。(2)城市化水平的提高, 会导致热岛强度高值出现季节提前, 故旅游区秋冬季热岛强度高于春夏季, 中心城区和产业经济区夏秋季热岛强度高于冬春季。(3)晋江市热岛效应昼夜空间分布格局差异性大, 夜间热岛强度显著高于白天, 最低值出现在14—16时, 中心城区和产业经济区最低值出现时间较旅游区略推迟, 三个功能区的最高值均出现在凌晨。Abstract: The annual, seasonal and diurnal variations on urban heat island in Jinjiang, Fujian were analyzed based on 2010—2014 hourly temperature data of 40 automatic weather stations which were calculated using weather station methods combined with spatial statistic methods (Ordinary Kriging, OK). The results were shown as follows: (1) The annual, seasonal and diurnal intensity was zonal distribution and varied significantly. The isoline of urban heat island intensity was directed from southwest to northeast. The intensity in the northern part was higher than that in the southern part. The intensity kept increasing during the five years with small amplitude and gradual slowdown speed. (2) The high intensity appeared in advance with the improvement of urbanization so that intensity in winter and autumn were higher than that in spring and summer in tourist areas while in industrial zones and in city center, intensity in summer and autumn were higher than that in spring and winter. (3) The diurnal spatial distribution of Jinjiang heat island effect varied differently. The intensity at night was significantly higher than that in the daytime. The minimum of tourist areas appeared at about 14 p m to 16 p m while the minimum of city center and industrial zones were slightly delayed. The maxmum all appeared in the early time in the morning.
-
表 1 功能区及站点区划分布
功能区 中心城区 产业经济区 旅游区 站点 F5102游乐园站 F5607东石站 F5604深沪站 F5606陈埭站 F5608磁灶站 F5612围头站 F5610罗山政府站 F5609紫帽站 F5615龙湖站 F5613池店站 F5611安海养正站 F5617英林站 F5614新塘街道站 F5616永和镇站 F5618西滨站 F5619晋江五中站 F5620灵源街道站 F5621三民中学站 表 2 2010—2014年夏季和冬季平均MAE值、RMSE值和R2值
插值种类 夏季 冬季 MAE/℃ RMSE/℃ R2 MAE/℃ RMSE/℃ R2 IDW 0.650 0.800 0.584 0.508 0.664 0.518 Spline 0.780 1.058 0.536 0.816 1.080 0.176 OK 0.550 0.718 0.712 0.472 0.630 0.530 UK 0.756 0.928 0.653 0.532 0.664 0.465 -
[1] 王迎春, 郑大玮, 李青春.城市气象灾害(气象灾害丛书)[M].北京:气象出版社, 2009. [2] 肖荣波, 欧阳志云, 张兆明, 等.城市热岛效应监测方法研究进展[J].气象, 2005, 31(11): 3-6. [3] SZYMANOWSKI M. Local regression models for spatial interpolation of urban heat island—an example from Wrocław, SW Poland[J]. Theor Appl Climatol, 2012, 108(1-2): 53-71. [4] 谢庄, 崔继良, 陈大刚, 等.北京城市热岛效应的昼夜变化特征分析[J].气候与环境研究, 2006, 11(1): 69-75. [5] 孙绩华, 冯健武, 段玮.昆明城市热岛效应变化特征研究[J].气候与环境研究, 2015(6): 645-653. [6] DIHKAN M, KARSLI F, GUNEROGLU N, et al. Evaluation of urban heat island effect in Turkey[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2018, 11(8): 186. [7] PERES L D F, LUCENA A J D, FILHO O C R, et al. The urban heat island in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the last 30 years using remote sensing data[J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation & Geoinformation, 2018, 64: 104-116. [8] 曹畅, 李旭辉, 张弥, 等.中国城市热岛时空特征及其影响因子的分析[J].环境科学, 2017, 38(10): 3 987-3 997. [9] GIANNAROS T M, MELAS D, DAGLIS I A, et al. Numerical study of the urban heat island over Athens (Greece) with the WRF model[J]. Atmos Env, 2013, 73(4): 103-111. [10] 苗世光, CHEN F, 李青春, 等.北京城市化对夏季大气边界层结构及降水的月平均影响[J].地球物理学报, 2010, 53(7): 1 580-1 593. [11] LIDIA L V, HIROYUKI K. Study on the urban heat island in Sofia City: Numerical simulations with potential natural vegetation and present land use data[J]. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2018: 110-125. [12] 寿亦萱, 张大林.城市热岛效应的研究进展与展望[J].气象学报, 2012, 70(3): 338-353. [13] 白杨, 王晓云, 姜海梅, 等.城市热岛效应研究进展[J].气象与环境学报, 2013, 29(2): 101-106. [14] 刘欣葵, 彭文英.城市功能分区与分区分类管理[J].城市管理与科技, 2010, 12(4): 20-22. [15] 陈琛. "城市与地理环境"专题[J].地理教育, 2017, 29(12): 27-30. [16] 丁金才, 张志凯, 奚红, 等.上海地区盛夏高温分布和热岛效应的初步研究[J].大气科学, 2002, 26(3): 412-420. [17] 庄元, 薛东前, 王剑.半干旱区典型工业城市热岛时空分布及演变特征——以包头市为例[J].干旱区地理, 2017, 40(2): 276-283. [18] 何泽能, 高阳华, 杨世琦, 等.重庆市城市热岛效应变化特征及减缓措施[J].高原山地气象研究, 2017, 37(4): 48-52. [19] 侯浩然, 丁凤, 黎勤生.近20年来福州城市热环境变化遥感分析[J].地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(3): 385-395. [20] 邬昀, 任永建, 方思达.武汉城市热岛效应及其影响要素分析[J].气象与减灾研究, 2017, 40(1): 43-50. [21] 吴滨, 林长城, 文明章, 等.福建沿海地区海陆风的时空分布特征[J].应用海洋学学报, 2013, 32(1): 125-132. [22] 晋江市人民政府.晋江市土地利用总体规划(2006-2020年)[M]. 2010. [23] OKE T R. The energy basis of urban heat island[J]. Quart J Roy Meteor Soc, 1982, 108(1): 1-24. [24] 丁硕毅, 乔冠瑾, 郭媛媛, 等.珠三角城市群热岛及其气象影响因子研究[J].热带气象学报, 2015, 31(5): 681-690. [25] 盛裴轩, 毛节泰, 李建国, 等.大气物理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2013: 9. [26] 蔡迪花, 郭铌, 李崇伟.基于DEM的气温插值方法研究[J].干旱气象, 2009, 27(1): 10-17. [27] 彭彬, 周艳莲, 高苹, 等.气温插值中不同空间插值方法的适用性分析——以江苏省为例[J].地球信息科学学报, 2011, 13(4): 539-548. [28] 周艳霞, 笪良龙, 韩梅, 等.基于ArcGIS的海水温度空间插值方法研究[C]//全国水声学学术交流会. 2013. [29] 徐伟, 杨涵洧, 张仕鹏, 等.上海城市热岛的变化特征[J].热带气象学报, 2018, 34(2): 228-238. [30] 沈钟平, 梁萍, 何金海.上海城市热岛的精细结构气候特征分析[J].大气科学学报, 2017, 40(3):369-378. [31] 邓玉娇, 王捷纯, 何全军, 等.基于MODIS资料分析近15年广州城市热岛特征及演变规律[J].热带气象学报, 2018, 34(6): 755-762.