STUDY ON THE ACCURACY OF DOPPLER WIND LIDAR IN MEASURING THE BOUNDARY LAYER WIND FIELD OF TYPHOON LEKIMA
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摘要: 多普勒激光雷达在台风等强天气背景下的探测能力亟待研究，为此将多普勒激光雷达与70 m测风塔超声风温仪在同址同高度探测台风“利奇马”影响期间的边界层风场数据进行对比，并分析多普勒激光雷达的误差分布以及变化情况。结果显示：在高度70 m上，两者的水平风速、风向相关系数分别为0.97和0.99，垂直风速的相关系数为0.36。以超声风温仪为参考值，激光雷达水平风速、垂直风速和风向均方根误差分别为1.06 m/s、0.46 m/s和17.10 °。深入研究表明：降水对多普勒激光雷达测量水平风速和垂直风速误差均有一定影响。当激光雷达信噪比大于2 000时，各参量的误差与信噪比呈负相关关系。研究表明多普勒激光雷达至少可以较好地刻画台风环流内的水平风场结构及演变，可应用于台风外围环流影响下(即较弱降雨条件下)边界层风场的高分辨率探测和研究。Abstract: The detection capability of Doppler wind lidar (DWL) in strong weather such as typhoon needs to be studied urgently. In the present study, the boundary layer wind field data collected by Doppler lidar and 70 meter wind tower ultrasonic wind thermometer at the same location and height are compared, and the error distribution and variation of Doppler lidar data are analyzed. The results show that, at the height of 70 meters, the correlation coefficients of horizontal wind speed and wind direction are 0.97 and 0.99, respectively, and the correlation coefficient of vertical wind speed is 0.36. With ultrasonic wind thermometer data as reference, it is found that the root mean square errors of horizontal wind speed, vertical wind speed and wind direction of lidar are 1.06 m/s, 0.46 m/s and 17.10 ℃, respectively. Precipitation can affect the horizontal and vertical wind speeds measured by DWL. When the signal-tonoise ratio of lidar is greater than 2 000, the error of each parameter is negatively correlated with the signal-to-noise ratio. The detection results show that DWL can characterize the distribution and evolution of horizontal wind field, and thus can be used in the high-resolution detection and research of boundary layer wind field under the influence of typhoon peripheral circulation, i.e., under weak rainfall conditions.
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Key words:
- typhoon /
- Doppler wind lidar /
- ultrasonic anemometer /
- boundary layer wind
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图 11 水平风速误差与降水量、信噪比的散点图及箱线图
a.水平风速误差与降水量的散点图；b.水平风速误差与降水量的箱线图；c.水平风速误差与信噪比的散点图；d.水平风速误差与信噪比的箱线图。
表 1 WindPrint S4000多普勒激光雷达性能参数
主要指标 参数 最大探测距离 4 000 m 微光波长 1 550 nm, 人眼安全不可见 数据更新速率 1 Hz 常规环境风速测量精度 < 0.1 m/s 常规环境风向测量精度 < 3 ° 扫描方式 DBS 重量 < 100 kg 平均功率 800 W, 常温下 < 300 W 
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表 2 不同时段观测误差统计结果
时间段 R与RMSE 水平风速观测 水平风向观测 垂直风速观测 影响前期 R 0.84 1.00 0.13 RMSE 1.04 5.27 0.62 影响期 R 0.95 1.00 0.59 RMSE 1.71 7.47 0.44 影响后期 R 0.95 0.97 0.33 RMSE 0.52 23.87 0.32 注：R为相关系数，RMSE为均方根误差。其中水平风速与垂直风速的RMSE单位是：m/s，水平风向的RMSE单位是：°。
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表 3 降水与非降水条件下误差统计结果
不同条件 R与RMSE 水平风速观测 水平风向观测 垂直风速观测 非降水 R 0.97 0.99 0.27 RMSE 0.94 17.55 0.45 降水 R 0.94 1.00 0.48 RMSE 2.08 10.32 0.59 总体 R 0.97 0.99 0.36 RMSE 1.06 17.10 0.46
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