一次触发闪电地电位抬升引发的氧化锌电涌保护器损坏事件分析

陈绍东; 张义军; 颜旭; 杜赛; 吕伟涛; 张阳

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2021.030

一次触发闪电地电位抬升引发的氧化锌电涌保护器损坏事件分析

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2021.030

陈绍东^1, ,,
张义军²,
颜旭¹,
杜赛¹,
吕伟涛³,
张阳³

1.
中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所，广东广州 510641
2.
复旦大学，上海 200433
3.
中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室，北京 100081

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41775007

广东省气象局科学技术研究项目 GRMC2017M01

详细信息

通讯作者:
陈绍东, 男, 浙江省人, 研究员级高级工程师, 从事雷电物理和雷电防护的研究。E-mail: 15035026@qq.com

中图分类号: P427.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 172
- HTML全文浏览量: 63
- PDF下载量: 26
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-24
- 修回日期: 2021-05-08
- 网络出版日期: 2021-09-27
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-01

ANALYSIS OF ZnO SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICE DAMAGE CAUSED BY GROUND POTENTIAL RISE IN ONE TRIGGERED LIGHTNING FLASH

1.
Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, CMA, Guangzhou 510641, China
2.
Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 基于触发闪电开展了电流注入地网后地电位抬升反击氧化锌电涌保护器的试验研究。结合真实雷电环境下测量的电涌保护器两端残压和流经电流的数据, 对一次触发闪电引发的氧化锌电涌保护器损坏事件进行了分析。分析发现, 电流注入地网后, 回击过程瞬间的大能量和长连续电流过程累积的能量相互叠加共同作用损坏了氧化锌电涌保护器。回击发生时, 较大的地电位抬升反击特别是电压的快速上升阶段, 氧化锌电涌保护器内部半导体结构(晶界层或晶粒)很容易遭到局部破坏, 形成穿孔, 电压波沿着破坏的晶界层“漏洞”迅速通过, 氧化锌电阻片失去钳制作用, 而当电压缓慢下降时, 电压在氧化锌电涌保护器内部晶界层的分布趋于均匀, 没有损坏的晶界结构又恢复了氧化锌电涌保护器的钳制功能。长连续电流过程形成的残压较小, 但其持续时间很长, 可达几十甚至上百毫秒, 事件中多次致使SPD钳制功能的失效。4次回击过程地电位抬升反击流经氧化锌电涌保护器的电流峰值最大为7.1 kA, 平均值5.4 kA, 占触发闪电注入电流的28.9%。流经SPD的电量范围0.15~0.58 C, 平均值0.44 C, 其值大于8/20 μs标称放电电流20 kA单脉冲释放的电量(0.37 C)。
- 人工触发闪电 /
- 地电位抬升 /
- 残压 /
- 流经SPD电流 /
- 氧化锌电涌保护器 /
- 损坏
Abstract: Based on triggered lightning, this paper carries out an experimental study on the counterattack of ground potential rise(GPR) to a surge protective device(SPD) after a current is injected into the grounding grid. Then, the paper analyzes the ZnO SPD damage event by considering the measured data of residual voltage at the two terminals of the SPD, as well as the current flowing through it in a real lightning environment. The analysis shows that, after the current is injected into the grounding grid, the ZnO SPD is damaged under the joint influence of mutually-superimposed instantaneous large energy in the return strokes and accumulated energy in the long continuous current process. When a return stroke occurs, due to the impulse of large GRP, particularly in the stage where the voltage rapidly rises, the semiconductor structure(grain boundary layer or grain) in the SPD is prone to partial damage, and holes are formed. After this, the voltage wave quickly passes through the"holes"along the damaged grain boundary layer and the ZnO resistor loses its clamping effect. When the voltage drops slowly, the distribution of voltages in the grain boundary layer of the SPD tends to be uniform, while the undamaged grain boundary structure enables the SPD to restore its clamping function. The residual voltage formed in the long continuous current process is small but lasts for a long period of time(tens or even hundreds of milliseconds). This disables the clamping function of the SPD for several times during the event. The maximum peak value of the current flowing through the SPD due to the GPR counterattack during the four return strokes is 7.1 kA, with a mean value of 5.4 kA, accounting for 28.9% of the injected current in the triggered lightning. The electrical quantity flowing through the SPD ranges from 0.15 to 0.58 C, with a mean value of 0.44 C, which is greater than that discharged from a single pulse of the nominal discharge current 8/20 μs of 20 kA(0.37 C).
- artificially triggered lightning /
- ground potential rise /
- residual voltage /
- current flowing through SPD /
- ZnO surge protective device /
- damage

HTML全文

图 1 地网地电位抬升反击氧化锌SPD试验布置示意图

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 T0725触发闪电通道底部电流波形(a)以及不同放电阶段波形放大图(b~d)

b. 初始长连续电流放大波形;c. RS1回击放大波形;d. RS3后回击间连续电流放大波形(此处RS3饱和)。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 T0725地网地电位抬升反击引起氧化锌SPD残压波形

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 T0725初始长连续电流阶段触发闪电电流(红色)和地网抬升反击引起氧化锌SPD残压(黑色)波形

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 T0725回击过程对应的残压放大波形

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 T0725 RS3后连续电流(红色)和对应的残压(黑色)波形

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 T0725回击使氧化锌SPD动作时接地线上电流波形

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 T0725过程后损坏的氧化锌SPD电阻片

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 T0725闪电通道底部电流波形特征参数表

编号	电流峰值/kA	半峰宽度/µs	10%～90%上升时间/µs	上升沿平均陡度/(kA/µs)	电量/C
RS1	15.9	25.8	0.49	26.4	0.88
RS2	24.2	12.5	0.26	75.7	1.64
RS3	10.5	11.1	0.37	22.8	0.44
RS4	26.1	5.2	0.31	68.5	1.67
AVE	19.2	13.7	0.36	48.4	1.16

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 T0725流经SPD接地线电流波形特征参数表

编号	接地线电流/kA	半峰宽度/µs	10%～90%上升时间/µs	上升沿平均陡度/(kA/µs)	电量/C
RS1	5.6	78.1	3.2	1.38	0.58
RS2	7.1	68.6	15.5	0.36	0.58
RS3	3.1	35.9	2.4	1.06	0.15
RS4	5.6	66.3	10.5	0.42	0.44
AVE	5.4	62.2	7.9	0.80	0.44

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(20)

[1]	颜旭, 张义军, 陈绍东, 等. 1次人工触发闪电引起的临近地网电位升高及其特征分析[J]. 高电压技术, 2017(5): 256-263.
[2]	郭在华, 朱良, 陈绍东, 等. 共用地网地电位升高观测及特征分析[J]. 高电压技术, 2016, 42(11): 3 488-3 494.
[3]	朱良, 陈绍东, 颜旭, 等. 基于触发闪电的共用地网雷电流分布观测及分析[J]. 高电压技术, 2018(5): 1 715-1 722.
[4]	EDA K. Destruction mechanism of ZnO varistors due to high currents[J]. J Appl Phys, 1984, 56(10): 2 948-2 955.
[5]	SAKSHAUG E C, BURKE J J, KRESGE J S. Metal oxide arresters on distribution systems: fundamental considerations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1989, 4(4): 2 076-2 089.
[6]	RINGLER K G, KIRKBY P, ERVEN C C, et al. The energy absorption capability and time-to-failure of varistors used in station-class metaloxide surge arresters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1997, 12(1): 203-212.
[7]	何金良, 吴维韩, 沈力, 等. ZnO阀片的冲击破坏机理[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 1993(S1): 34-38.
[8]	RAKOV V A, UMAN M A. Lightning physics and effects[M]. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
[9]	SONDER E, LEVINSON L M, KATZ W. Role of short-circuiting pathways in reduced ZnO varistors[J]. J Appli Phys, 1985, 58(11): 4 420-4 425.
[10]	彭春华, 王奎, 孙惠娟. 基于支持向量机的避雷器均压环结构优化[J]. 高电压技术, 2016, 42(11): 3 429-3 435.
[11]	李鹏飞, 张春龙, 吕东波, 等. 多脉冲雷电冲击下金属氧化物的破坏形式[J]. 高电压技术, 2017, 43(11): 3 792-3 799.
[12]	李鹏飞, 杨仲江, 曹洪亮, 等. MOA在多脉冲冲击下老化性能研究[J]. 中国电力, 2016, 49(1): 69-74.
[13]	YANG S J, CHEN S D, ZHANG Y J, et al. Characteristics analysis of the induced overcurrent generated by close triggered lightning on the overhead transmission power line[J]. J Trop Meteor, 2010, 16(1): 59-65.
[14]	CHEN S, ZHANG Y, CHEN C, et al. Influence of the ground potential rise on the residual voltage of low-voltage surge protective devices due to nearby lightning flashes[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2015, 31(2): 596-604.
[15]	BARKER P P, MANCAO R T, KVALTINE D J, et al. Characteristics of lightning surges measured at metal oxide distribution arresters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power delivery, 1993, 8(1): 301-310.
[16]	SCHOENE J, UMAN M A, RAKOV V A, et al. Direct lightning strikes to test power distribution lines—Part I: Experiment and overall results[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2007, 22(4): 2 236-2 244.
[17]	GUO Z, WU G, CHEN S, et al. Transient behavior of common grounding grids to artificially triggered lightning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2018, 61(2): 426-433.
[18]	DECARLO B A, RAKOV V A, JERAULD J E, et al. Distribution of currents in the lightning protective system of a residential building—Part I: Triggered-lightning experiments[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2008, 23(4): 2 439-2 446.
[19]	SCHOENE J, UMAN M A, RAKOV V A, et al. Lightning currents flowing in the soil and entering a test power distribution line via its grounding[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2009, 24(3): 1 095-1 103.
[20]	MATA C T, RAKOV V A, RAMBO K J, et al. Measurement of the division of lightning return stroke current among the multiple arresters and grounds of a power distribution line[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2003, 18(4): 1 203-1 208.