基于FDTD的不同土壤类型及湿度对雷电电磁场传播影响的研究

杨雅绮; 刘银萍; 刘非凡; 张乃康; 刘国进; 翟浩源; 祝宝友

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2021.034

基于FDTD的不同土壤类型及湿度对雷电电磁场传播影响的研究

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2021.034

1.
中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院，安徽合肥 340100
2.
南京信息工程大学大气物理学院，江苏南京 210044

详细信息

通讯作者:
祝宝友, 男, 安徽省人, 副教授, 主要从事大气电学研究工作。E-mail: zhuby@ustc.edu.cn

中图分类号: S152.7
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- 文章访问数: 170
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-29
- 修回日期: 2021-05-29
- 网络出版日期: 2021-09-27
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-01

RESEARCH ON INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SOIL TYPES AND MOISTURE ON LIGHTNING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD BASED ON FDTD

1.
School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 340100, China
2.
School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China

摘要

摘要: 为深入研究土壤类型和土壤湿度对雷电电磁场传播效应的影响, 首次将工程勘察领域研究得出的土壤湿度和电导率计算关系应用到雷电电磁场模拟计算中。基于Heidler雷电通道基电流函数模型和MTLL回击模型, 在Mur一阶边界条件下, 利用2D-FDTD计算粘土、粉土和砂土这三种具有代表性土壤在不同土壤湿度和观测距离下的雷电电磁场。研究结果表明: 相比于粉土和砂土, 雷电电磁场沿粘土地表传播过程中产生的水平电场更容易受土壤湿度的影响, 特别是土壤湿度较低时, 即土壤湿度从5%到6%变化过程中, 水平电场峰值的波动幅度达39.86%;当土壤类型为粘土时, 水平电场E_r、垂直电场E_z和磁场H_φ受土壤湿度影响等级为E_z > H_φ; 随着闪电电磁辐射传播距离和土壤湿度的增大, 场幅值减小, 波形的波头上升沿时间变慢。研究结果为准确评估和量化不同土壤类型和土壤湿度对雷电电磁场传播的影响以及优化闪电站网定位提供了重要的科学依据。
- 雷电电磁场 /
- FDTD /
- 土壤类型 /
- 土壤湿度 /
- 土壤电导率
Abstract: To investigate the influence of soil type and soil moisture on the propagation effect of lightning electromagnetic field(LEMF), the present study applies the relationship between soil moisture and conductivity obtained in engineering surveys to the study of LEMF. Bases on the Heidler function, MTLL model and Mur Absorbing Boundary, the present study uses 2D-FDTD to calculate the LEMF of clay, silt and sand under different moisture conditions and observation distances. The main results are as follows: Compared with those of silt and sand, E_r generated by the propagation of LEMF along clay surface is more susceptible to soil moisture. When soil moisture changes from 5% to 6%, the attenuation of the peak of E_r is 39.86%. When the soil is clay, the influence of soil moisture on E_r is the strongest, followed by E_z and H_∅. As the propagation distance of lightning electromagnetic radiation and soil moisture increase, the attenuation of electromagnetic field intensifies, and the rise time of field waveform also increases. The results provide an important scientific basis for accurate evaluation and quantification of the influence of soil type and soil moisture on the propagation of LEMF and the optimization of the positioning of lightning station network.
- lightning electromagnetic field /
- FDTD /
- soil type /
- soil moisture /
- soil conductivity

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图 1 闪电通道底部基电流波形^[14]

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图 2 电磁场计算模型

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图 3 土壤电导率拟合曲线^[23]

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图 4 观测点200 m处，粘土(a)、粉土(b)和砂土(c)在各湿度下的水平电场

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图 5 观测点200 m处，各湿度下粘土、粉土和砂土的水平电场

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图 6 各观测点处，土壤湿度5%、15%和25%时磁场

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图 7 各观测点处，土壤湿度5%、15%和25%时垂直的电场

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图 8 各观测点处，土壤湿度5%、15%和25%时的水平电场

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表 1 继后回击各电流参数取值

参数	数值	参数	数值
i₀₁	10.7 kA	i₀₂	6.5 kA
τ₁₁	0.25 μs	τ₂₁	2 μs
τ₁₂	2.5 μs	τ₂₂	230 μs

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表 2 电磁场分量节点

电磁场分量	r轴取样	z轴取样	时间轴取样
E_r	i+1/2	j	n
E_z	i	j+1/2	n
H_φ	i+1/2	j+1/2	n+1/2

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表 3 各土壤湿度对应的电导率

电导率	p=5%	p=6%	p=10%	p=15%	p=25%
σ_clay	0.003 5	0.009 2	0.032 2	0.060 8	0.118 1
σ_silt	0.021 8	0.024 9	0.037 3	0.052 9	0.084 0
σ_sand	0.004 8	0.006 3	0.012 0	0.019 2	0.033 6

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表 4 粘土的水平电场峰值与土壤湿度关系

土壤湿度	p=5%	p=6%		p=10%		p=15%		p=25%
峰值	118.10 V/m	71.02 V/m		33.18 V/m		20.95 V/m		12.33 V/m

Δp	1%		4%		5%		10%
Δ	47.08 V/m		9.46 V/m		2.45 V/m		0.86 V/m

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表 5 粉土的水平电场峰值与土壤湿度关系

土壤湿度	p=5%	p=6%		p=10%		p=15%		p=25%
峰值	42.87 V/m	39.35 V/m		29.93 V/m		23.27 V/m		16.28 V/m

Δp	1%		4%		5%		10%
Δ	3.52 V/m		2.36 V/m		1.33 V/m		0.699 V/m

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表 6 砂土的水平电场峰值与土壤湿度关系

土壤湿度	p=5%	p=6%		p=10%		p=15%		p=25%
峰值	100.20 V/m	87.44 V/m		71.02 V/m		46.38 V/m		32.21 V/m

Δp	1%		4%		5%		10%
Δ	12.760 V/m		4.105 V/m		4.928 V/m		1.417 V/m

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表 7 垂直电场和磁场峰值差(V/m)

观测点高度	50 m	100 m	200 m	1 km
ΔE_z1	130	70	33	2.7
ΔE_z2	90	30	14	1
ΔH1	0.03	0.03	0.019	0.06
ΔH2	0.02	0.01	0.012	0.03

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表 8 各土壤湿度对应的水平电场峰值(V/m)和波头上升沿时间(μs)

湿度	50 m峰值/时间	100 m峰值/时间	200 m峰值/时间	1 km峰值/时间
p=5%	611.4/0.81	271.2/0.95	118.1/1.18	17.29/2.72
p=15%	103.4/1.18	46.82/1.35	20.95/1.65	2.974/3.22
p=25%	59.66/1.30	27.23/1.51	12.33/1.83	1.765/3.50

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