STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COHERENT STRUCTURE OF STRONG TYPHOON HAGUPIT (0814)
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摘要: 为了探究台风风场相干结构统计特性以及在台风不同空间结构部位的演化规律，采用小波系数谱分析(Spavelet Analysis)方法对0814号强台风“黑格比”风速场的湍流相干结构统计特征及演化特性进行了系统分析。研究结果表明：对于0814号强台风“黑格比”过程，顺风向脉动风速与横风向脉动风速的相干结构呈现出多尺度分布特征；顺风向、横风向和竖向风速分量的相干结构主周期均值分别为70.2 s、50.3 s、22.8 s，主尺度均值分别为54.4 s、38.9 s、18.2 s，三个方向相干结构的周期尺度比均值分别为1.28、1.27、1.29；台风“黑格比”风场水平向空间部位中，前外环流区(FOV)的顺风向、横风向和竖向的相干结构主尺度均值分别为68.8 s、41.7 s、14.4 s；前眼壁区(FEW)的三个方向脉动风速的相干结构主尺度均值分别为69.9 s、32.5 s、19.5 s；风眼区三个方向脉动风速的相干结构主尺度分别为83.5 s、50.3 s、15.3 s；后眼壁区(BEW)其值为55.1 s、42.3 s、11.2 s；后外环流区(BOV)三个方向脉动风速相干结构的主尺度分别为53.6 s、39.1 s、10.9 s；整体上表现为前外环流区(FOV)和前眼壁区(FEW)相干结构主尺度大于后眼壁区(BEW)和后外环流区(BOV)，风眼区相干结构主尺度则为最大。Abstract: To explore the statistical characteristics of the coherent structure in typhoon field and its evolution in different parts of typhoon spatial structure, the present study uses spectral analysis of wavelet coefficients to comprehensively analyze the statistical characteristics and the evolution of turbulent coherent structures in strong Typhoon Hagupit (0814). The results show that for Typhoon Hagupit (0814), the coherent structures of the fluctuating wind speed of downwind and cross wind present multi-scale distribution. The mean principal periods of the coherent structures in downwind, cross wind and vertical wind are 70.2 s, 50.3 s and 22.8 s, respectively, and their mean principal scales are 54.4 s, 38.9 s and 18.2 s, respectively. The mean period scale ratios of the coherent structures in the three wind directions are 1.28, 1.27 and 1.29, respectively. The mean principal scales of the coherent structures in downwind, cross wind and vertical wind at the front outer vortex are 68.8 s, 41.7 s and 14.4 s, respectively, and the corresponding values at the front eyewall are 69.9 s, 32.5 s and 19.5 s, respectively. The mean principal scales of the coherent structures in the three wind directions at the wind eye and the back eyewall are 83.5 s, 50.3 s, and 15.3 s, and 55.1 s, 42.3 s and 11.2 s, and the corresponding values at the back outer vortex are 53.6 s, 39.1 s, and 10.9 s, respectively. Overall, the principal scale of coherent structures in the wind eye is the largest.
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表 1 相干结构统计特征
统计特征 统计量 风向 顺风向 横风向 竖向 S* 分布/s 5~100 5~75 0~25 均值/s 54.4 38.9 18.2 标准差 31.8 30.9 22.6 T* 分布/s 15~125 5~100 0~50 均值/s 70.2 50.3 22.8 标准差 42.6 41.5 28.1 PSR 分布 1.1~1.5 1.1~1.5 1.1~1.5 均值 1.28 1.27 1.29 标准差 0.093 0.085 0.011 
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表 2 相干结构主尺度与主周期演化特征统计
风向 统计量 风场结构部位 FOV FEW WE BEW BOV 顺风向 均值 68.8(87.5) 69.9(90.2) 83.5(111) 55.1(70.5) 53.6(70.1) 标准差 33.5(43.6) 36.7(47.3) 4.9(6.6) 42.9(54.8) 33.3(45.7) 最大值 135.0(182.0) 140.0 (182.0) 87.0 (116.0) 149.0 (213.0) 139.0 (182.0) 横风向 均值 41.7(53.9) 32.5(40.4) 50.3(65.4) 42.3(53.9) 39.1(49.3) 标准差 30.4(40.7) 31.9(41.6) 4.9(6.83) 36.7(48.4) 27.7(34.8) 最大值 101.0 (128.0) 130.0 (160.0) 36.4(45.2) 107.0 (145.0) 94.2(116.0) 竖向 均值 14.4(18.4) 19.5(24.8) 15.3(19.5) 11.2(14.1) 10.9(13.5) 标准差 13.4(16.6) 24.2(30.7) 4.2(4.9) 20.6(24.1) 11.7(14.3) 最大值 49.1(58.2) 65.8(79.7) 17.9(23.4) 90.8(107.0) 38.1(45.7) 注：括号内数值为对应的周期数据。
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