四川省暖季降水时空分布特征及机理

孙婉莹; 朱磊; 王明昊

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2023.011

四川省暖季降水时空分布特征及机理

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2023.011

1.
南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心，江苏南京 210044
2.
新疆维吾尔自治区气象台，新疆乌鲁木齐 830002

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 41905096

海南省气象灾害实验室开放课题基金 SCSF202004

详细信息

通讯作者:
朱磊，男，安徽省人，博士，主要从事中尺度气象学研究。E-mail: zhulei@nuist.edu.cn

中图分类号: P426.6
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-05
- 修回日期: 2022-12-13
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-20

CHARACTERISTICS AND MECHANISMS OF THE SPATIOTEMPORAL RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION DURING THE WARM SEASON OVER SICHUAN PROVINCE

1.
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 China
2.
Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory, Urumqi 830002 China

摘要

摘要: 特殊的地理位置和地形分布造成四川地区降水具有鲜明特色，存在明显的区域差异。利用1998— 2017年共20年的高时空分辨率卫星反演CMORPH降水资料，研究四川省暖季（4—9月）降水的时空分布特征，并结合ERA5再分析资料探究其降水的内在机制。研究发现：（1）4—5月降水量偏低，6—8月最多，9月也相对较少。暖季的逐月降水在四川盆地西南部均有一个强降水中心，而6—9月在四川省最南部存在一个强度相当的降水中心，这种分布特征是由高低层大尺度环境场的配置所引起；（2）四川暖季降水峰值出现在夜间至凌晨，但不同月份以及不同区域的降水存在较大的差异，两个夜间降水峰值中心的形成均与地形造成的低层风场辐合以及水汽累积密切相关；（3）位于四川省西部（青藏高原的东坡）有一个相对较弱的午后降水峰值，这是受到两侧的山谷风辐合所致，且受到高低层环境场作用影响其分布区域和强度。
- 四川省 /
- 日变化 /
- 夜雨 /
- 复杂地形
Abstract: The special geographical position and complex topography of Sichuan lead to distinct features of the precipitation with significantly regional differences over the province. In this study, the characteristics and the underlying mechanisms of the warm season (from April to September) precipitation are investigated through the satellite-retrieved CMORPH rainfall data with high spatiotemporal resolution and the ERA5 reanalysis data for the 1998-2017 period. The results are shown as follows. (1) Large rainfall amount differences exist over the months from April to September, with the smallest rainfall in April and May, largest in June, July and August, and relatively small in September, due to the great impact by the allocation between the upper-level and low-level environmental fields. Two monthly heavy rainfall centers are found, located over the southwestern Sichuan basin for the whole warm season and the southernmost area of the province June through September, respectively. (2) Diurnal precipitation cycles are with nocturnal peaks in all months over the province, though spatial distributions differ much among individual months and regions. It is demonstrated that the rainfall is closely associated with the convergence of terrain-related low-level wind fields and accumulated moisture content. (3) A secondary relatively weak and movable rainfall peak appears over western Sichuan (i.e. the eastern slope of the Tibet Plateau) in the afternoon, caused by the wind convergence from the east and west sides of mountains. The distribution area and intensity of the peak are much subject to upper - and low-level wind fields and topographic effects.
- Sichuan province /
- diurnal cycle /
- nocturnal precipitation /
- complex topography

HTML全文

图 1 四川盆地及周围地区的地形高度分布图（填色阴影，单位：m）红色短划线分别为27 °N和30 °N纬线，后图沿其作区域1、区域2内的垂直剖面图

区域1为四川南部云贵高原处降水中心（Box1, 101~103 °E, 26~28 °N），区域2为四川盆地西南部降水中心（Box2, 102~105 °E, 28~31 °N）。图中红色曲线为四川省界。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 1998—2017年4—9月每月对应的日平均降水量（填色，单位：mm/d）

红色曲线为四川省省界，红色方框分别表示两个降水中心。

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图 1998—2017年4—9月各月平均500 hPa高度场（蓝色等值线，单位：dagpm）和风场（风矢量，单位：m/s）

其中红色曲线为四川省省界。

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图 4 1998—2017年4—9月各月850 hPa月平均风场（风矢量，单位：m/s）和水汽比湿场（填色，单位：g/kg），

其中红色曲线为四川省省界。

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图 5 四川省（红色三角）、Box1（蓝色圆点）和Box2（绿色星号）4—9月逐小时平均降水量（彩色实线，单位：mm/h）及对应的日平均降水量（水平彩色虚线，单位：mm/h）。

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图 6 5月（a₁~h₁）和7月（a₂~h₂）的每3小时一次的1小时累积降水水平分布（mm/h）

其中红色曲线为四川省省界。

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图 7 与图 6类似，但变量为地面10 m风场（m/s）和2 m温度场（℃）

其中绿色曲线为四川省省界。

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图 8 7月每3小时一次的沿着图 1中的30 °N做的垂直剖面的风场（m/s）和水汽比湿场（g/kg）

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图 9 7月每3小时一次的沿着图 1中沿着27 °N做的垂直剖面的风场（m/s）和水汽比湿场（g/kg）

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