Abstract:
According to the meteorological industry standards of Climatic Seasons Division, Kunming and Dali in Yunnan, two typical tourist cities over a low-latitude plateau in China, were selected to analyze the average state of climatic seasons, the changes of seasonal beginning date and length, and the temperature evolution of spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice. The results are shown as follows. (1) Kunming and Dali lie in a"summer-free region"on the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau. There are only three seasons in a year, namely spring, autumn and winter. They belong to"spring & autumn type" cities. The lengths of spring and autumn seasons are 295 days and 290 days respectively, accounting for 80.8% and 79.5% of the whole year. (2) As the climate gets warm, the proportions of the lengths of spring, autumn and winter of Kunming and Dali change. The spring and autumn lengthens while the winter shortens. The changing rate of Kunming is stronger than that of Dali. (3) The spring starts on February 9 and February 10 in Kunming and Dali, respectively, and the spring length is 117 days and 123 days, respectively. The autumn starts on June 7 and June 13, and its autumn length is 178 days and 167 days, respectively. The winter starts on December 1 and November 27, and the winter length is 70 days and 76 days, respectively. Kunming and Dali are characterized by"stationary spring, long autumn and short winter". (4) During the recent 60 years, the beginning date of spring in Kunming and Dali shows an advancing trend, the beginning date of autumn takes on a slightly delayed trend, and the beginning date of winter presents a delayed trend. The length of spring increases in Kunming and Dali, the autumn length of Kunming increases slightly while it decreases slightly in Dali, and the winter length of both Kunming and Dali shows a decreasing trend. (5) The temperatures of Kunming and Dali on the spring equinox are 14.8 ℃ and 14.2 ℃, 20.3 ℃ and 20.5 ℃ on the summer solstice, 17.4 ℃ and 17.5 ℃ on the autumn equinox, respectively, and 7.9 ℃ on winter solstice for both cities. Compared with Beijing and Shanghai in the monsoon region of eastern China, Kunming and Dali have the characteristics of"warm spring, cool summer, clear autumn and warm winter"in the four solar terms of spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice. In the past 60 years, the interannual variation of temperature on the days of four solar terms has shown an increasing trend, especially for the spring equinox and autumn equinox.