近海与远洋飓风边界层特征高度的差异分析

余志; 王祥

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2023.054

近海与远洋飓风边界层特征高度的差异分析

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2023.054

余志^{1, 2},
王祥^1, ,

1.
南京信息工程大学大气科学学院，江苏南京 210044
2.
珠澳气象创新与应用研究中心，广东珠海 519000

详细信息

通讯作者:
王祥，男，江苏省人，讲师，博士，主要从事热带气旋研究。E-mail: wangxiang@nuist.edu.cn

中图分类号: P444
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- 文章访问数: 106
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-20
- 修回日期: 2023-06-14
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-24
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-20

ANALYSIS ON THE DIFFERENCE OF HURRICANE BOUNDARY LAYER CHARACTERISTIC HEIGHT BETWEEN NEARSHORE AND OFFSHORE

YU Zhi^{1, 2},
WANG Xiang^{1
, ,}

1.
School of atmospheric sciences, NUIST, Nanjing 210044, China
2.
Zhuhai-Macao Collaborative Research Center for Meteorological Innovation and Application, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China

摘要

摘要: 使用1998—2016年大西洋40个飓风2 032个GPS下投式探空仪观测数据，以距离海岸线300 km为界分为近海和远洋两组，利用合成分析方法探讨了飓风边界层特征高度的差异。边界层特征高度的定义方法包括最大切向风高度、入流层高度、混合层高度和理查森数法高度。对比分析不同定义方法下近海和远洋边界层高度，结果表明：根据最大切向风和入流层强度定义的边界层高度，近海边界层高度低于远洋边界层高度，且近海边界层高度随径向增加至2倍最大风速半径后趋于稳定；基于混合层定义的边界层高度明显低于动力边界层高度，且近海与远洋混合边界层特征高度无明显差异；近海理查森数边界层高度在最大风速半径内与远洋的无明显差异，而在最大风速半径外略高于远洋的。
- 飓风边界层 /
- 近海与远洋 /
- GPS下投式探空仪
Abstract: In this study, 2032 GPS dropsondes around 40 hurricanes over Atlantic basin from 1998 to 2016 were used to investigate the difference of boundary layer characteristic height between nearshore and offshore using composite analysis. The defining methods of the characteristic height of the boundary layer include (1) the maximum tangential wind height, (2) the depth of the inflow layer, (3) the depth of the mixed layer and (4) the height of the bulk Richardson number method. Through comparing the boundary layer heights of the nearshore and offshore areas under these different definition methods, we find that the height of nearshore boundary layer is lower than that of the offshore area under the definition methods of (1) and (2), and the height of nearshore boundary layer increases radially to twice as much as the radius of the maximum wind speed before it tends to be stabilized. The height of boundary layer defined by (3) is lower than dynamical boundary layer heights, and there is no significant difference in the characteristic height of mixed boundary layer between nearshore and offshore area. Within the radius of the maximum wind speed, the height of the Richardson number boundary layer defined by (4) in the nearshore area shows no significant difference from that in the offshore, while it is slightly higher than the offshore outside the radius of the maximum wind speed.
- hurricane boundary layer /
- nearshore and offshore /
- GPS dropsonde

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图 1 数据地理位置分布

红色分别表示近海飓风位置，蓝色分别表示远洋飓风位置，青绿色×表示近海探空仪位置，浅蓝色×表示远洋探空仪位置。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 探空仪与飓风中心的距离利用RMW标准化后的相对位置分布

中心点为飓风中心，圆圈分别表示1~5倍RMW距离，×表示探空仪对应飓风中心的相对位置，a和b分别为近海和远洋的探空仪相对飓风中心分布。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 近海（a）与远洋（b）探空仪数量随径向距离（RMW）和海拔高度（m）的分布

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 近海（a）与远洋（b）切向风速随径向距离（RMW）和海拔高度（m）的分布

虚线为最大切向风所在高度。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 近海（a）与远洋（b）径向风随径向距离（RMW）和海拔高度（m）的分布

实线为最大径向风10% 所在高度。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 近海（a）与远洋（b）虚位温直减率随径向距离（RMW）和海拔高度（m）的分布

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 近海（a）与远洋（b）理查森数随径向距离（RMW）和海拔高度（m）的分布

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 近海（a）与远洋（b）惯性稳定度随径向距离（RMW）和海拔高度（m）的分布

实线为稳定度Ⅰ随径向距离的变化趋势。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 飓风级别、强度与探空仪数量表

飓风级别	强度范围/kt	近海探空仪数量	远洋探空仪数量	总数
TS	34.0~63.9	415	289	704
Cat-1	64.0~82.9	317	198	515
Cat-2	83.0~95.9	232	169	401
Cat-3	96.0~112.9	233	231	464
Cat-4	113.0~136.9	189	238	427
Cat-5	≥137.0	61	164	225
合计	—	1 447	1 289	2 736

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