西北太平洋热带气旋强度变化对雨带分布特征的影响

李柯薇; 张奡祺; 黎伟标

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2023.066

西北太平洋热带气旋强度变化对雨带分布特征的影响

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2023.066

李柯薇¹,
张奡祺^{1, 2, ,},
黎伟标^{1, 2}

1.
中山大学大气科学学院，广东珠海 519080
2.
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)，广东珠海 519080

基金项目:

广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目 2020B0301030004

国家自然科学基金项目 42075004

国家自然科学基金项目 42005062

详细信息

通讯作者:
张奡祺，男，安徽省人，副研究员，主要从事卫星遥感降水研究。E-mail：zhangaoq3@mail.sysu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P444
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-01
- 修回日期: 2023-08-11
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-20

IMPACT OF TC INTENSITY CHANGE ON PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION OVER THE NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC

LI Kewei¹,
ZHANG Aoqi^{1, 2
, ,},
LI Weibiao^{1, 2}

1.
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519080, China
2.
Southern Marine and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong 519080, China

摘要

摘要: 已有研究表明热带气旋强度变化与雨带分布间存在紧密联系，然而其在西北太平洋区域的量化特征尚待揭示。利用2000—2018年6—9月的中国气象局（CMA）热带气旋最佳路径数据集和全球测雨计划（GPM）格点级降水数据（IMERG）降水数据，建立了西北太平洋区域热带气旋移动坐标系，并根据气旋中心气压变化将热带气旋分为初生、缓慢增强、快速增强、稳定和消散共五类，在此基础上研究了各类气旋的降水分布及变化特征。结果表明，初生型气旋的降水率在距离气旋中心10 km和40 km处分别存在两个峰值；快速增强型气旋也存在两个峰值，分别出现在10 km和30 km处；缓慢增强和减弱型气旋的降水率随径向距离的变化均呈现出单峰分布，峰值分别出现在40 km和60 km处。气旋内雨带降水变化与气旋强度变化间存在显著的正相关关系；而外雨带降水变化与气旋强度变化间则存在负相关关系。气旋各个方位降水变化对强度变化的响应不同，减弱型热带气旋的降水率减小主要发生在气旋西侧，应与热带气旋登陆过程有关。研究结果可为西北太平洋热带气旋强度及降水模拟提供事实依据。
- 热带气旋 /
- 强度变化 /
- 雨带分布 /
- 降水变化
Abstract: Previous studies have revealed the close relationships between the intensity change and rainband distributions of tropical cyclones. However, their quantitative characteristics over the northwestern Pacific are yet to be revealed. In this paper, we used the CMA best track dataset and the GPM IMERG precipitation data from June to September 2000-2018. The tropical cyclones over the northwestern Pacific were classified into five categories, namely initiating, slowly strengthening, rapidly strengthening, stable, and weakening typhoons, respectively. The precipitation distribution as well as its changes for various types of tropical cyclones was studied based on a mobile cyclonic coordinate system. It is shown that the radial rainfall of initiating cyclones peaks at 10 km and 40 km away from cyclonic centers, respectively; the radial rainfall of rapidly strengthening cyclones peaks at 10 km and 30 km away from cyclonic centers, respectively; the radial precipitation distributions for both the slowly strengthening and weakening cyclones present a unimodal distribution, with the peaks appearing at 40 km, and 60 km to the centers, respectively. A significant positive correlation exists between the rainfall change of the inner rainband and cyclonic intensity change, whereas a negative correlation exists between the change of the outer rainband and cyclonic intensity change. Moreover, the precipitation changes in various azimuths of cyclonic centers respond differently to intensity change. Specifically, the decrease of precipitation in weakening cyclones mainly occurs on the west side, which is likely related to the cyclonic landing process. These findings could provide observational evidence for the model of tropical cyclones over the northwestern Pacific.
- tropical cyclone /
- intensity change /
- rainband distribution /
- precipitation change

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图 1 2000—2018年6—9月西北太平洋区域气压差值的概率密度分布

∆p指气压差值，5.28% 指∆p ≥6 hPa样本出现的概率密度。

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图 2 2000—2018年6—9月西北太平洋区域初生型(a)、缓慢增强型(b)、快速增强型(c)、减弱型(d)热带气旋的分布特征

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图 3 移动气旋坐标系下初生型(a)、缓慢增强型(b)、快速增强型(c)、减弱型(d)热带气旋降水的空间分布特征

图中黑点指示着气旋中心，x轴和y轴的采样间隔均为10 km。

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图 4 移动气旋坐标系下缓慢增强型(a)、快速增强型(b)、减弱型(c)气旋降水相对上一个时次的变化率

图中黑点指示着此刻的气旋中心，圆圈指示着上一个时刻的台风中心，x轴和y轴的采样间隔均为10 km。

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图 5 各类型热带气旋平均降水率(a、b)以及相对上一时次的平均降水变化率(c、d)随着径向距离的变化

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图 6 各类型热带气旋500 km范围内平均降水率(a)以及相对上一时次的平均降水变化率(b)与所处气旋方位的关系

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图 7 热带气旋径向距离100 km以内(a)、100~200 km(b)、200~300 km(c)、300~400 km(d)和400~500 km(e)降水变化率与气压变化（Δp）的散点分布

降水变化率指移动气旋坐标系下降水相对于上一个时次的变化，Δp指此时次中心气压与上一个时次之差。黑线代表拟合的直线，k为拟合直线的曲率。

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图 8 同图 7，但为热带气旋方位为西北(a)、东北(b)、西南(c)和东南(d)

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