湖北冷季高架雷暴天气分类及环境参数特征分析

苟阿宁; 姚雯; 雷彦森; 明绍慧; 鲁易; 魏凡

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2024.003

湖北冷季高架雷暴天气分类及环境参数特征分析

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2024.003

苟阿宁¹,
姚雯^2, ,,
雷彦森¹,
明绍慧¹,
鲁易¹,
魏凡¹

1.
武汉中心气象台，湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室，北京 100081

基金项目:

灾害天气国家重点实验室开放课题 2021LASW-B03

湖北省气象局面上项目 2021Y01

详细信息

通讯作者:
姚雯，女，福建省人，研究员，主要从事雷电探测方法研究。E-mail：yaowen@cma.gov.cn

中图分类号: P458
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- 文章访问数: 236
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-25
- 修回日期: 2023-12-31
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-12
- 刊出日期: 2024-02-20

Environment Parameter Characteristics of Different Types of Cold Season Elevated Thunderstorms in Hubei

1.
Wuhan Central Meteorological Observatory, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 利用常规观测资料、加密地面自动站、闪电定位仪和ERA5再分析资料，将2011—2020年湖北冷季91次高架雷暴事件，按照形成机制分为雷雨型、强对流型和雷打雪型3类，并细致归纳了3类事件的时空分布特征、大气环流背景及关键环境参数等特征。(1) 湖北冷季高架雷暴雷雨型最多，强对流型次之，雷打雪型最少。3类型存在明显的时空分布差异，雷雨型主要发生在秋末冬初(11月)和冬末初春(1—2月)，强对流型及雷打雪型常出现在早春2月，3月基本以强对流型为主。(2) 低槽冷锋、850 hPa切变线及低空西南急流是冷季高架雷暴发生的有利环流背景，近地面为稳定的冷气团控制，逆温明显，西南低空急流沿着锋面逆温层以上的850 hPa附近触发抬升，水汽、上升运动及不稳定层结均出现在850 hPa以上。雷雨型和雷打雪型距离冷锋超过100 km以上，强对流型不足100 km。(3) 850 hPa是风场转换的重要层次。强对流型850 hPa露点温度(T_d850)、K指数、850 hPa与500 hPa温差(ΔT₈₅)、850 hPa假相当位温(θ_se850)、西南急流厚度和强度(I₇₀₀)、切变线强度(S₈₅₀)最大，中低层(850~700 hPa)垂直风切变(SL₇₈)最小；雷打雪型对水汽和不稳定能量的要求最低，SL₇₈最大。
- 冷季 /
- 高架雷暴 /
- 环境参数 /
- 箱线图
Abstract: Based on conventional observation data, data from intensive automatic ground stations, lightning location data, and NCAR reanalysis data, we analyzed the weather types, spatial-temporal distribution, and environmental conditions of cold season elevated thunderstorms in Hubei from 2011 to 2020. Moreover, we discussed the environmental parameter characteristics of different types of cold season elevated thunderstorms according to the results in boxplots. The main results are as follows: (1) Cold season elevated thunderstorms in Hubei, occurring from November to March the following year, can be categorized into thunderstorm, severe convection, and thundersnow. The spatial distributions of cold season elevated thunderstorms were uneven: there were seasonal and regional differences in the spatial-temporal distribution of different types of cold season elevated thunderstorms. The thunderstorm type occurred mostly in November, January, and February, the strong convective type and thundersnow type usually appeared in early spring (February), and the strong convective type was dominant in March. (2) The low trough cold front, 850 hPa shear line, and low-level southwest jet were favorable circulation backgrounds for the occurrence of overhead thunderstorms in the cold season. The low-level southwest jet was controlled by stable cold air mass near the surface, and the temperature inversion was obvious. The uplift of the low-level southwest jet was triggered along the front inversion layer near 850 hPa, and water vapor, ascending motion, and unstable stratification all appeared above 850 hPa. The distance between thunderstorms and thundersnow was more than 100 km, and the distance between severe convection was less than 100 km. (3) 850 hPa was an important level of wind field transformation. The maximum dew point temperature (T_d850), K index, temperature difference between 850 hPa and 500 hPa (ΔT₈₅), false equivalent potential temperature (θ_se850) of 850 hPa, southwest jet stream thickness and intensity (I₇₀₀₎, and shear line intensity (S₈₅₀) were observed in the severe convection type, while the minimum vertical wind shear (SL₇₈) was observed in the middle and lower layers (850—700 hPa). The thundersnow type had the lowest requirement for water vapor and unstable energy, while the SL₇₈ was the highest.
- cold season /
- elevated thunderstorm /
- environmental parameter /
- boxplots

HTML全文

图 1 湖北冷季高架雷暴雷雨型(a)、强对流型(b)、雷打雪型(c)的天气系统配置

阴影为各型落区。

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图 2 2011—2020年湖北冷季高架雷暴的年(a)、月(b)，以及正(棕色)、负(蓝色)地闪(c)和云闪(d)时间分布

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图 3 2011—2020年湖北冷季高架雷暴的各类型雨团移动路径(a)及地闪(b)、云闪(c)的空间分布

图a中黑色箭头为雷雨型3条移动路径，红色箭头为雷打雪型移动路径，绿色和蓝色阴影分别为雷打雪型和强对流型落区，雷雨型落区为湖北全省。

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图 4 2011—2020年冷季湖北各型高架雷暴700 hPa露点温度(T_d700, 单位: ℃)(a)，850 hPa露点温度(T_d850, 单位: ℃)(b)，700 hPa水汽通量散度(q_div700, 单位: g·cm^-2·s^-1)(c)，850 hPa水汽通量散度(q_div850, 单位: g·cm^-2·s^-1) (d)，西南急流指数I (单位: s^-1)(e)的箱线图

最高短横线为统计最大值，最低短横线为统计最小值，箱形的上部框线为上四分位值、下部框线为下四分位值，箱内线为中位数线，“﹡”为平均值，下同。

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图 5 2011—2020年冷季湖北各型高架雷暴500 hPa散度(div₅₀₀, 单位: s^-1)(a)，700~850 hPa垂直风切变(SL₇₈, 单位: m·s^-1)(b)，850 hPa切变线强度(S₈₅₀, 单位: s^-1)箱线图(c)

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图 6 2011—2020年冷季湖北各型高架雷暴K指数(K，单位：℃)(a)，850 hPa假相当位温(θ_se850，单位: K) (b)，850~500 hPa温差(ΔT₈₅，单位：℃)箱线图(c)

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