阿拉伯海超级气旋风暴“查帕拉”（2015）快速加强过程中环境场特征

柳龙生; 刘莲; 高拴柱

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2024.005

阿拉伯海超级气旋风暴“查帕拉”（2015）快速加强过程中环境场特征

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2024.005

1.
国家气象中心，北京 100081
2.
中国科学院青藏高原研究所，北京 100101

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41930972

国家重点研发计划 2019YFC1510102

国家重点研发计划 2021YFC3090205

详细信息

通讯作者:
高拴柱，男，内蒙古自治区人，研究员级高级工程师，主要从事台风预报和研究工作。E-mail: gaosz@cma.gov.cn

中图分类号: P444
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- 文章访问数: 71
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-10
- 修回日期: 2023-12-28
- 刊出日期: 2024-02-20

Environmental Characteristics During the Rapid Intensification of Super Cyclonic Storm Chapala (2015) over the Arabian Sea

1.
National Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

摘要

摘要: 利用美国联合台风警报中心(JTWC)发布的北印度洋热带气旋数据、NOAA 0.25 °×0.25 °逐日OISST资料以及ERA5提供的0.25 °×0.25 °逐小时的再分析资料分析了阿拉伯海超级气旋风暴“查帕拉”（2015）快速加强过程中的环境场特征，结果表明：较常年平均偏暖3.0~3.5 ℃的暖水区，为“查帕拉”的快速加强提供了水汽和能量条件；“查帕拉”北侧的副热带西风急流和南侧的高空出流通道的建立是其快速加强的重要高空强迫条件，高层辐散风的增强促进质量流出形成强上升运动，这也伴随着旋转风动能的快速增长；在“查帕拉”快速增强时段，高层150 hPa以上存在显著的正位涡异常，高层的正位涡异常能够调整引起低层气旋性环流加强，同时中层400 hPa有显著的正位涡平流输入，正涡度在垂直方向快速增长，300 hPa附近显著增暖，内核区的垂直对流运动达到最强。
- 查帕拉 /
- 快速加强 /
- 高空出流 /
- 涡度 /
- 位涡
Abstract: Based on the best-track data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, ERA5 0.25 ° × 0.25 ° reanalysis data, and NOAA 0.25 ° × 0.25 ° daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature data, a study was conducted to investigate the environmental characteristics during the rapid intensification of super cyclonic storm Chapala (2015) over the Arabian Sea. The results showed that the warm pool, which was 3.0—3.5 ℃ warmer than the annual average, provided water vapor and energy for the storm' s rapid intensification. The establishment of the subtropical westerly jet on the north side of Chapala and the upperlevel outflow channel on the south side were important upper-level forcing conditions for its rapid intensification. The enhancement of high-level divergent wind promoted the mass outflow to form a strong upward motion, accompanied by the rapid growth of rotational wind energy. There was a significant positive potential vorticity anomaly above 150 hPa during the rapid intensification of Chapala, bringing about the strengthening of cyclonic circulation at the lower level. At the same time, there was a significant positive potential vorticity advection inflow at 400 hPa. Thus, positive vorticity increased rapidly in the vertical direction. There was a warm core near 300 hPa, with the vertical convective motion in the inner core reaching the maximum.
- Chapala /
- rapid intensification /
- upper-level outflow /
- vorticity /
- potential vorticity

HTML全文

图 1 2015年10月27日12时—11月3日18时“查帕拉”全路径图（a）及中心最低气压和中心附近最大风速（灰色阴影表示快速加强时段）（b）

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图 2 29日06:00（a、c）、30日06:00（b、d）500 hPa高度场（单位: dagpm）（a，b）和风场以及150hPa流场（c，d）

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图 3 10月29日海表面温度（a）、距平（b）（单位：℃）（“查帕拉”路径，黑色箭头表示快速加强时段）以及28—31日热带气旋中心区域（3°×3°）海平面气压、海表潜热通量和感热通量（c）

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图 4 大气可降水量（单位：mm）和850 hPa辐散风（a、b、c）以及对流有效位能（d、e、f，单位：J·kg^-1）a、d. 29日06:00；b、e. 29日18:00；c、f. 30日06:00。图中热带气旋符号从东向西为“查帕拉”快速增强期间（29日06时—30日06时）每隔6小时的位置。

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图 5 29日06:00（a、c）、30日06:00（b、d）200 hPa辐散风（a，b）和旋转风（c，d）（填色，单位：m·s^-1）

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图 6 10月28日18时—30日18时“查帕拉”中心气压6 h变化和垂直风切变的时间演变图（灰色阴影表示快速加强时段）

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图 7 沿“查帕拉”中心的位涡（阴影，单位: PVU，1PVU＝10^-6 m²·K·s^-1·kg^-1）、位温距平（实线，单位: K）、涡度（虚线，单位: 10^-4 s^-1）和风场（用纬向风u和垂直速度-10·ω制作）的垂直剖面图(红色三角符号表示热带风暴中心位置）

a. 29日06:00；b. 29日12:00；c. 29日18:00；d. 30日00:00；e. 30日06:00；f. 30日12:00。

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表 1 北印度洋热带气旋等级划分标准

热带气旋等级	底层中心附近最大平均风速（3分钟平均风）
热带气旋等级	(m·s^-1)	(kt)
低压(Depression)	8.0~13.8	17~27
深低压(Deep Depression)	13.9~17.1	28~33
气旋风暴(Cyclonic Storm)	17.2~24.4	34~47
强气旋风暴(Severe Cyclonic Storm)	24.5~32.6	48~63
强气旋风暴(Severe Cyclonic Storm)	24.5~32.6	48~63
特强气旋风暴(Very Severe Cyclonic Storm)	32.7~45.8	64~89
极强气旋风暴(Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm)	45.9~61.5	90~119
超级气旋风暴(Super Cyclonic Storm)	≥61.6	≥120

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