北京地区边界层低空急流的观测研究

何松蔚; 王成刚; 严家德; 李炬

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2024.071

北京地区边界层低空急流的观测研究

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2024.071

何松蔚^{1, 2},
王成刚^1, ,,
严家德¹,
李炬^{3, 4}

1.
南京信息工程大学大气物理学院，江苏南京 210044
2.
广东省突发事件预警信息发布中心，广东广州 510641
3.
北京城市气象研究院，北京 100089
4.
中国气象局城市气象重点开放实验室，北京 100089

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目 41975011

国家自然科学基金重点项目 42330608

详细信息

通讯作者:
王成刚，男，山西省人，副教授，主要从事边界层气象学研究。E-mail: wcg@nuist.edu.cn

中图分类号: P442
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-18
- 修回日期: 2024-04-01
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-08
- 刊出日期: 2024-10-20

Observed Characteristics of Boundary Layer Low-Level Jet over Beijing Area

HE Songwei^{1, 2},
WANG Chenggang^{1
, ,},
YAN Jiade¹,
LI Ju^{3, 4}

1.
School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
2.
Guangdong Emergency Early Warning Release Center/Guangdong Weather Modification Center, Guangzhou 510641, China
3.
Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China

摘要

摘要: 利用2016—2017年北京常规探空资料与2016年8月28日—9月2日多点同步加密探空资料，探讨了北京地区边界层低空急流与气象要素的相互关系，以及城市下垫面对急流的影响，并简要分析了急流的形成机制。结果显示：(1) 秋冬季急流表现为发生频率高、急流轴高，强度强，急流风向以偏北风为主；春夏季急流发生频率较低，急流轴低，强度弱，急流风向以偏南风为主。(2) 急流与大气边界层垂直结构有密切关系。急流发生时多伴有悬空逆温的出现。悬空逆温高度和急流上方最小风速高度、风向转变高度有较好一致性关系。(3) 边界层低空急流的生消与位温的日变化过程基本一致，惯性振荡是北京地区夜间晴好天气条件下急流形成的主要机制。(4) 边界层低空急流受下垫面热力差异影响在城、郊有不同的表现特征。城市急流具有显著的突发性和不连续性，维持时间短，发生频率低。郊区急流则发生频率高，维持时间长。典型急流过程中，城市与郊区相比，急流轴高150 m，急流风速小1.6 m·s^-1。
- 边界层低空急流 /
- 季节特征 /
- 悬空逆温 /
- 日变化特征 /
- 城郊差异
Abstract: Based on two-year routine sounding data and intensive radiosonde data collected at multiple stations from August 28 to September 2, 2016, over the Beijing area, this study investigated the relationship between boundary layer low-level jet (BLLJ) and meteorological elements, analyzed the differences in BLLJ characteristics between urban and suburban areas, and briefly explored its formation mechanism. The results show that: (1) The BLLJ in autumn and winter was more frequent, higher, and stronger, and the main jet direction was southerly. In spring and summer, it became less frequent, lower in height, and weaker, and the jet was primarily northerly. (2) The jet was closely related to the vertical structure of the atmospheric boundary layer. In most cases, an elevated inversion layer was observed above the jet. The height of inversion exhibited good consistency with the minimum wind speed above jet height and the wind direction change height. (3) The diurnal variation of potential temperature was similar to the cycle of the BLLJ from its formation to dissipation. The main driver of the nocturnal BLLJ in Beijing was inertial oscillations under clear weather conditions. (4) The difference in BLLJ characteristics between urban and suburban areas was significant. Urban jets were usually abrupt and not coherent, short-lived, and rarely observed. By contrast, suburban jets were frequent and long-lived. In a typical urban jet case, the jet core height was 150 m higher, and the jet intensity was 1.6 m s^-1 smaller than those of a suburban jet at the same time.
- boundary layer low-level jet /
- seasonal characteristics /
- elevated inversion layer /
- diurnal variation /
- differences between urban and suburban areas

HTML全文

图 1 北京地区土地利用类型分布特征

蓝、黑、浅蓝、黄色4个圆点分别为宝联、朝阳、大兴和南郊观象台地理位置及站点周边5 km范围内下垫面类型分布情况。

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图 2 2016—2017年北京地区四季探空观测与急流发生次数分布(a，灰色柱表示各月探空观测总次数，蓝、橙、红色柱分别表示08时、14时、20时边界层低空急流发生次数)，边界层低空急流发生高度季节分布图(b，绿、红、橙、蓝色柱分别表示四季急流发生次数)及急流风向分布频率(c))

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图 3 边界层低空急流风速分布(a)，边界层低空急流强度季节特征(b)

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图 4 典型边界层低空急流个例风速(a)、风向(b)、温度(c)、位温(d)垂直廓线特征(阴影区为感兴趣区)

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图 5 夏(a₁, a₂, a₃)、冬(b₁, b₂, b₃)强急流(LLJ-3)和超强急流(LLJ-4)合成结果

其中浅蓝色棒状线为标准差。

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图 6 悬空逆温高度与风速衰减高度(a)以及风向转变高度(b)的相关关系

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图 7 大兴站点位温廓线(a)和边界层低空急流日变化过程(b)

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图 8 北京大兴站点夜间边界层低空急流风矢随时间变化特征图

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图 9 2016年8月28日23时三站位温(a)、风速(b, c, d)、风向(e)廓线

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表 1 LLJ的四类等级分类情况

LLJ Category	强度	V_max/(m·s^-1)	∆V/(m·s^-1)
LLJ_1	弱	≥6	≥3
LLJ_2	较强	≥10	≥5
LLJ_3	强	≥14	≥7
LLJ_4	超强	≥20	≥10

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表 2 边界层低空急流研究总结

观测地区	作者	观测时段	急流风向	急流轴高度(m)	急流强度(m·s^-1)
北京	本文	2016—2017年夏季	SW	300~600	6~14
北京	李炬等^[3]	2002—2004年夏季	SW	100~300	4~7
北京	孙继松^[21]	2000—2003年夏季	SW	600~900	11~24
天津	Wei等^[12]	2011年夏季	SW	100~400	6~14

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表 3 观测期间三个站点急流特征统计表

时间(DDHH)	宝联		朝阳		大兴
时间(DDHH)	急流轴/m	急流风速/(m·s^-1)	急流轴/m	急流风速/(m·s^-1)	急流轴/(m)	急流风速/(m·s^-1)
2820	450	6.9	350	7.6	250	8.9
2823	400	12.2	300	12.7	250	13.8
2902	—	—	—	—	375	10.3
2905	700	7.7	250	9.2	325	7.0
2908	700	9.5	525	9.2	325	11.0
2911	1000	12.0	825	11.3	800	13.8
2923	—	—	—	—	250	6.3
3002	525	6.7	775	6.5	475	8.7
3020	425	8.0	450	7.5	400	8.7
3108	—	—	—	—	300	11.6
注：“—”为无观测结果。

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