基于探空数据的飓风垂直风速特征研究

孙尧; 李煜斌; 汤杰; 高志球; 尹剑; 吴宇杰

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2024.075

基于探空数据的飓风垂直风速特征研究

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2024.075

孙尧^{1, 2},
李煜斌^1, ,,
汤杰³,
高志球¹,
尹剑⁴,
吴宇杰¹

1.
南京信息工程大学，江苏南京 210044
2.
天津气象雷达研究试验中心，天津 300061
3.
中国气象局上海台风研究所，上海 200030
4.
北京城市气象研究院，北京 100089

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 42075072

详细信息

通讯作者:
李煜斌，男，江西省人，教授，主要从事大气边界层和热带气旋动力学研究。E-mail: liyubin@nuist.edu.cn

中图分类号: P444
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- 文章访问数: 19
- HTML全文浏览量: 4
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-27
- 修回日期: 2024-01-07
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-08
- 刊出日期: 2024-10-20

Vertical Velocity Characteristics of Hurricanes Based on Dropsondes Data

SUN Yao^{1, 2},
LI Yubin^{1
, ,},
TANG Jie³,
GAO Zhiqiu¹,
YIN Jian⁴,
WU Yujie¹

1.
Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
2.
Tianjin Meteorological Radar Research and Test Centre, Tianjin 300061, China
3.
Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorology Administration, Shanghai 200030, China
4.
Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorology Administration, Beijing 100089, China

摘要

摘要: 基于飞机下投探空数据分析了飓风中大气低层(地面3 km内)垂直风速的分布特征。结果表明，飓风近区(归一化半径R/RMW小于5的区域，其中R为下投探空与飓风中心之间的距离，RMW为飓风的最大风速半径)、远区(5≤R/RMW < 10的区域)和外区(R/RMW≥10的区域)垂直风的低风速段(垂直风速绝对值< 2 m·s^-1) 随高度分布特征的区别不明显，但高风速段(垂直风速绝对值≥2 m·s^-1)在近区出现正值的频次最高，明显多于远区和外区；而在外区出现负值的频次最高，明显多于近区和远区。在飓风近区随着高度的增加上升气流出现的频次降低，而下沉气流出现的频次增多，在飓风远区和外区上升气流的强弱和出现的比例随高度的变化不明显；在飓风近区上升气流的速度和出现的比例随着飓风强度增强而增大，而远区和外区的垂直风中位数速度和出现的比例随飓风强度的变化不明显。此外，观测发现飓风上升气流风速可超过10 m·s^-1，通常出现在归一化半径为1~2.5的区域内，且需飓风最大风速达到50 m·s^-1以上。
- 飓风 /
- 下投探空 /
- 垂直风速 /
- 归一化半径 /
- 大气低层
Abstract: Based on observational data collected by dropsondes, this paper analyzed the distribution characteristics of hurricanes'vertical velocity in the lower atmospheric layer (within 3 km of the ground). The results show that smaller vertical velocity (< 2 m · s^-1) exhibited no significant difference in distribution with height in the near-center region (R/RMW≤5, where R represents the distance between the dropsonde and the center of the hurricane, and RMW denotes the maximum wind speed radius of the hurricane), the far-center region (5≤R/RMW < 10) and outside-hurricane region (R/RMW≥10). However, the frequency of positive values of larger vertical velocity (≥2 m · s^-1) in the near-center region was the highest, significantly exceeding that in the far-center and outside-hurricane regions. Conversely, the frequency of negative values in the outside-hurricane region was the highest, significantly exceeding that in the near-center and farcenter regions. In the near-center region of hurricanes, the frequency of updrafts decreased with the increase in height, while the frequency of downdrafts increased. In the far-center and outside-hurricane regions, the intensity and proportion of vertical velocity did not change obviously with height. The intensity and proportion of updrafts in the near-center region increased with hurricane intensity, while the median velocity and proportion of vertical velocity in the far-center and outside-hurricane regions showed little change with hurricane intensity. Moreover, it is found that the updrafts in hurricanes can exceed 10 m · s^-1, usually in the normalized radius of 1-2.5, and the maximum wind speed of the hurricane should reach 50 m·s^-1.
- hurricane /
- dropsondes data /
- vertical velocity /
- normalized radius /
- lower atmospheric layer

HTML全文

图 1 在飓风不同归一化半径区域内投放下投式探空仪的数量

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图 2 飓风不同归一化半径区域内各高度处的垂直风低风速段(风速绝对值≤2 m·s^-1)的分布情况

图中柱状浅灰色部分为飓风近区垂直风速的探测数量，深灰色和黑色则为远区和外区。a~e分别为100 m、500 m、1 000 m、2 000 m和3 000 m高度的值。

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图 3 同图 2，但为垂直风高风速段(风速绝对值≥2 m·s^-1)的分布情况。

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图 4 飓风不同归一化半径区域内出现强上升气流的概率

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图 5 在不同高度上各垂直风速的探测频次特征。

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图 6 强上升气流(≥5 m·s^-1)在不同高度上的分布比例

此处比例的算法为：该高度处≥5 m·s^-1上升气流观测次数与全部高度≥5 m·s^-1上升气流观测次数的比值。图a~f分别对应不同的归一化半径：a.0 < R/RMW < 1，b.1≤R/RMW < 1.5，c.1.5≤R/RMW < 2，d).2≤R/RMW < 2.5，e.2.5≤R/RMW < 5，f.R/RMW≥5。

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图 7 不同归一化半径区域内强上升气流的高度分布情况

图中横坐标为垂直风速大小，箱内横线为中位数值，箱区上沿为75%分位数，下沿为25%分位数。横坐标轴括号内数字为该强度垂直气流的观测次数。

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图 8 垂直风速大小随飓风强度的分布情况

飓风强度由其最大风速值所表示；纵坐标为每个下投式探空仪在下落过程中所测得的上升气流最大风速值；横坐标轴括号内数字为该强度垂直气流的观测次数。

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图 9 ≥5 m·s^-1(a)和≥10 m·s^-1(b)上升气流出现比例随飓风强度的变化关系

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