Weather Causes of 0-6 km Ozone Variation in the Wuyishan Region: An Analysis Based on Radiosonde Observations
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摘要: 基于2022年福建省武夷山区域邵武站O3探空观测51次科学试验，分析该区域对流层中下层(0~6 km)O3的季节分布和O3体积混合比（OVMR）变化趋势，探究O3柱浓度（COA）排名前5和后5个例的大气环流形势、诊断物理量及垂直廓线的差异。结果表明：1.5 km以下OVMR春季>秋季>夏季>冬季，1.5 km以上OVMR呈现春季最大，夏季最低，除了秋季，其他季节均呈现随高度增加的趋势；0~6 km排名前5的个例有3个发生在4—5月，主导天气形势与风场为冷高压前偏北或高压底部偏东气流控制，2个发生在9月，为副热带高压和台风外围的下沉气流共同影响；且均表现出对流层中下层大气层结稳定，空气干燥，湿层很薄，存在明显的下沉气流，对流抑制能力强，低层为偏东风，风速在4~8 m·s-1之间。排名后5个例的发生月份、天气形势、诊断物理量等与排名前5个例的有明显的差异。Abstract: Based on data from 51 ozone (O3) sounding observations at the Shaowu Station in the Wuyishan region in 2022, this study analyzed the seasonal distribution of O3 in the middle and lower troposphere (0-6 km) and the variation trend of ozone volume mixing ratio (OVMR) in this region. We also explored differences in the atmospheric circulation situation, diagnostic physical quantities, and vertical profiles of 10 cases with column ozone amount (COA) ranking in the top 5 and bottom 5. The results show that the seasonal values of OVMR below the 1.5 km altitude peaks in spring, followed by autumn, summer, and winter, while OVMR above 1.5 km was highest in spring and lowest in summer. Except for autumn, the seasonal distribution of OVMR above 1.5 km showed an increasing trend with height in all seasons. Dominated by the northward flow before the cold high pressure or the easterly flow at the bottom of the high pressure, three of the top 5 cases with COA in the 0-6 km occurred from April to May. The other two cases occurred in September, jointly influenced by the subtropical high and the sinking airflow around the periphery of typhoons. In all 5 cases, stable atmospheric structure was observed in the middle and lower layers of the troposphere. The air was dry with a thin wet layer. Obvious sinking airflow strongly suppressed convection suppression. There were easterly winds in the lower layers with wind speeds ranging from 4-8 m·s-1. Significant differences were observed in the occurrence months, weather conditions, and diagnostic physical quantities between the last 5 cases and the top 5 cases.
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表 1 2022年邵武站0~6 km COA排名前5和后5的典型个例
排序 日期 COA/DU 排序 日期 COA/DU Top 1 20220504 28.25 Last 1 20220721 11.71 Top 2 20220518 27.97 Last 2 20220622 13.15 Top 3 20220406 27.71 Last 3 20221123 13.73 Top 4 20220921 26.83 Last 4 20221116 14.83 Top 5 20220907 24.01 Last 5 20220824 15.00 
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表 2 COA排名前5的气象探空诊断物理量
关键参数 20220504 20220518 20220406 20220921 20220907 CAPE/(J·kg-1) 0 0.9 0 0 0 DCAPE/(J·kg-1) 609.1 713.7 282.2 209.3 711.1 CIN/(J·kg-1) 0 0 0 0 0 K指数 -5.3 -14.1 10.5 22.1 27.3 可降水量PW/mm 0 0 0 0 0 最大上升速度W-CAPE/(m·s-1) 0 1.3 0 0 0 湿层(相对湿度>80%) (浅绿色横向阴影，图 7) 贴地，薄，厚度约200 m 1.贴地，薄，厚度约200 m；2.高，7.5 km以上 贴地，薄，厚度约200 m 高，4.0~7.5 km 高，3.2~7.5 km 600 hPa下沉有效位能(深绿色斜向阴影面积，图 7) 面积大 面积大 面积中等 面积中等 面积大 边界层风向，风速/(m·s-1) E, 2~6 E, 4~8 E, 2 E, 6~8 E, 2~8
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表 3 COA排名后5的气象探空诊断物理量
关键参数 无降水，但有降水潜势 有降水 20220721 20220622 20220824 20221116 20221123 CAPE/(J·kg-1) 887.9 1998.3 945.3 2.3 3.7 DCAPE/(J·kg-1) 0 0 0.1 0.9 0 K指数 36.1 37.9 40.7 33.9 36.3 大气可降水量PW/mm 0 8.2 0 6.4 2.6 最大上升速度W-CAPE/(m·s-1) 42.1 63.2 43.5 2.1 2.7 湿层厚度(相对湿度>80%)(浅绿色横向阴影，图 8) 贴地，薄，厚度约200 m 整层 高，1.8 ~ 4.5 整层 整层 600 hPa下沉有效位能(深绿色斜向阴影面积，图 8) 面积大 面积很小 面积大 无 无 边界层风向，风速/(m·s-1) SW，4~16 SW，4~16 SE，2~10 SW-SE，2~6 S-NW，2~4
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