Abstract: To explore the influence of air density under different strong wind systems on the determination of engineering wind pressure, three representative meteorological stations in Shandong Province, namely Zhangqiu, Chengshantou and Laoshan, were selected. Based on the 10-year observational data of gales induced by cold waves, tropical cyclones and severe convection, as well as 45-year historical gale records, the extreme value type I distribution was adopted to estimate extreme wind speeds for multiple return periods, and the differences in wind pressure corresponding to varied air densities were quantitatively analyzed. The results show that air density fluctuates significantly during strong wind processes and presents distinct spatial differentiation affected by weather systems and geographical conditions. The peak air densities of extreme cold-season gales at coastal Chengshantou and Laoshan are considerably higher than those at inland Zhangqiu. The extreme wind speed for different return periods ranks highest at Chengshantou, followed by Laoshan and Zhangqiu. The actual wind pressures at all stations do not exceed the national standard limits, whereas the unified national standard is regionally inapplicable and generally conservative. Wind pressures under strong wind conditions at Chengshantou and Laoshan are 4%~9% higher than those calculated by conventional air density, indicating that actual strong-wind density should be adopted for wind pressure correction, and the corrected wind pressure at Chengshantou is basically consistent with the standard value. The actual wind pressures at Zhangqiu and Laoshan are approximately 9%~16% and 20%~40% lower than the national standard values, respectively. Adopting annual mean air density for Zhangqiu can balance structural wind-resistant safety and economic cost. This study proposes differentiated wind pressure parameter selection schemes for inland and coastal areas of Shandong, providing a scientific reference for refined wind-resistant engineering design.