Abstract:
On August 23, 2017, Super Typhoon Hato (1713) made landfall in Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, causing severe wind damage along the coastal regions of South China. To analyze the boundary layer turbulence structure and flux transport mechanisms during its landfall, this study systematically diagnosed the typhoon's intensity evolution, turbulence structures at different azimuths, and vertical flux transport patterns based on large eddy simulation (LES) data with a horizontal resolution of 100 m. Results indicate: During landfall, the azimuthal mean tangential wind field underwent significant restructuring. The moderate-intensity wind belt contracted, while the strong wind belt near the radius of maximum wind (RMW) expanded markedly. Around 02: 00 UTC, extensive radial outflow emerged 1-3 km above the RMW, indicating vertical uplift triggered by gradient wind imbalance coupled with secondary circulation. A pronounced azimuthal asymmetric stripe structure was observed near the eyewall. Energy spectrum analysis revealed multi-scale turbulent spectral characteristics, with coexisting kilometer-scale vortices dominated by characteristic scales of 1-3 km and several sub-kilometer-scale roll vortices. Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and its budget exhibited significant variations across subdomains, with shear production serving as the primary source term. Dynamically unstable conditions induced by strong wind shear promoted the generation of small-scale vortices and sub-kilometer-scale eddies. These coherent vortex structures transport near-surface momentum and enthalpy upward through organized vertical transport, thereby sustaining and intensifying eyewall convection, strengthening near-surface wind speeds, and enhancing local precipitation intensity. Additionally, evaporative cooling in the middle and upper troposphere can generate local negative buoyancy accompanied by subsidence, leading to negative vertical water vapor flux. This suppresses convective development and influences the spatial distribution of precipitation. The findings of this study provide insights for deepening the understanding of typhoon boundary layer turbulence evolution mechanisms and improving the accuracy of typhoon intensity forecasts.