台风“天鸽”（1713）登陆过程边界层湍流结构影响台风强度变化的可能机制

周平; 高中明; 马玉龙; 周前进; 何泳薇; 杨茜茜; 李磊

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1006-4965.2026.061

台风“天鸽”（1713）登陆过程边界层湍流结构影响台风强度变化的可能机制

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1006-4965.2026.061

周平¹,
高中明^{1, 2, ,},
马玉龙³,
周前进⁴,
何泳薇¹,
杨茜茜⁵,
李磊^{1, 2}

1.
中山大学大气科学学院，广东珠海 519082
2.
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（珠海），广东珠海 519082
3.
深圳大学生命与海洋科学学院，广东深圳 518060
4.
江苏海洋大学海洋技术与测绘学院，江苏连云港 222005
5.
江苏省气象服务中心，中国气象局交通气象重点开放实验室，江苏南京 210041

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划 2023YFC3008002

国家自然科学基金 42475087

国家自然科学基金 42475077

国家自然科学基金 42375160

深圳市科技创新委员会基础研究项目 JCYJ20220530164400001

中国气象局交通气象重点开放实验室开放研究基金 BJG202206

广东省海洋气象科学数据中心项目 2024B1212070014

详细信息

通讯作者:
高中明，男，山西省人，副教授，主要从事边界层大气湍流研究。E-mail：gaozhm3@mail.sysu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P444
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- 文章访问数: 174
- HTML全文浏览量: 13
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-08-30
- 修回日期: 2025-12-03
- 刊出日期: 2026-10-20

Possible Mechanisms of Boundary Layer Turbulence Structures Affecting Typhoon Intensity Changes During Typhoon Hato (1713) Landfall

ZHOU Ping¹,
GAO Zhongming^{1, 2
, ,},
MA Yulong³,
ZHOU Qianjing⁴,
HE Yongwei¹,
YANG Xixi⁵,
LI Lei^{1, 2}

1.
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China
2.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China
3.
College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
4.
School of Marine Technology and Geomatics, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
5.
Jiangsu Meteorological Service Center, Key Open Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210041, China

摘要

摘要: 2017年8月23日，强台风“天鸽”（1713）在广东省珠海市登陆，对华南沿海地区造成严重风灾。为解析其登陆过程中边界层湍流结构与通量输送机制，本研究基于水平分辨率为100 m的大涡模拟（LES）数据，系统分析了台风强度的演变特征、不同方位的湍流结构及其通量输送规律。结果表明，登陆过程中，方位角平均切向风场发生显著变化，中等强度风带收缩，而最大风半径（RMW）附近的强风带明显扩张；约02:00 UTC时，在RMW上方1~3 km高度出现大范围径向出流，表明梯度风失衡所诱发的垂直上升运动与次级环流耦合发展。眼墙附近呈现显著的方位非对称条纹结构，能谱分析显示其具有多尺度湍流特征，主要表现为1~3 km特征尺度的千米级涡旋与若干亚千米尺度滚涡共存。湍流动能（TKE）及其收支在不同区域间存在显著差异，其中剪切产生项为主要来源，强风切变引发的动力不稳定有助于小尺度涡旋及亚千米滚涡结构的生成。这些相干涡旋结构通过有组织的垂直输送过程，将近地面的动量和焓向上传输，从而有助于维持和增强眼墙对流，提升近地面风速，并强化局地降水强度。此外，边界层中上层的蒸发冷却可在局地产生负浮力，并伴随下沉气流，导致负垂直水汽通量的出现，进而抑制对流发展，影响降水的空间分布。本研究结果可为深入理解台风边界层湍流演变机制及提升台风强度预报精度提供参考。
- 台风边界层 /
- 大涡模拟 /
- 湍流结构 /
- 通量输送 /
- 强度变化
Abstract: On 23 August 2017, Severe Typhoon Hato (1713) made landfall in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, inflicting severe wind damage along the coastal regions of South China. To analyze the boundary layer turbulence structures and flux transport mechanisms during landfall, this study systematically examines the typhoon's intensity evolution, turbulence structures at different azimuths, and vertical flux transport patterns using large eddy simulation (LES) data at 100 m horizontal resolution. Results indicate that during landfall, the azimuthal mean tangential wind field underwent significant restructuring: the moderate-intensity wind belt contracted, while the strong wind belt near the radius of maximum wind (RMW) expanded markedly. Extensive radial outflow emerged at 1-3 km above the RMW around 02:00 UTC, signaling vertical uplift driven by gradient wind imbalance coupled with secondary circulation. A pronounced azimuthal asymmetric stripe structure was observed near the eyewall. Energy spectrum analysis revealed multi-scale turbulent spectral characteristics, with kilometer-scale vortices (dominated by 1-3 km characteristic scales) co-existing with sub-kilometer-scale roll vortices. Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and its budget exhibited substantial heterogeneity across subdomains, with shear production identified as the primary source term. Dynamically unstable conditions induced by strong wind shear facilitated the generation of small-scale vortices and sub-kilometer-scale eddies. These coherent vortex structures transported near-surface momentum and enthalpy upward through organized vertical motions, thereby sustaining and intensifying eyewall convection, amplifying near-surface wind speeds, and enhancing local precipitation. Additionally, evaporative cooling in the middle to upper troposphere generated localized negative buoyancy and subsidence, producing negative vertical water vapor flux that suppressed convective development and modulated precipitation distribution. This study provides insights into the evolution mechanisms of typhoon boundary layer turbulence and offers implications for improving typhoon intensity forecasts.
- typhoon boundary layer /
- large eddy simulation /
- turbulent structure /
- flux transport /
- intensity variation

HTML全文

图 1 WRF−LES模拟域位置，d01、d02、d03、d04和d05分别代表第1、2、3、4和5层嵌套域位置

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图 2 2017年8月23日模拟路径与CMA最佳路径数据集数据对比（a），近地面10 m最大风速和最小海平面气压对比及不同时刻空间误差（b）

a中所标时间为CMA最佳路径数据集所对应的时刻。b中WRF−LES数据采样间隔为1 h，黑色虚线代表登陆时刻（2017年8月23日4时50分UTC）。

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图 3 模拟的最大切向风半径、近地面10 m最大风速和最低海平面气压（a），最大风速与最低海平面气压之间的散点图及线性拟合结果（b）

a中黑色虚线代表登陆时刻（2017年8月23日4时50分UTC）。WRF−LES数据采样间隔为5 min。

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图 4 在10 m高度上的方位平均切向风（a）和平均径向风（b）的半径—时间图

横轴代表距台风中心的距离（单位：km），纵轴代表2017年8月23日的时间。

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图 5 2017年8月23日00:00、02:00、03:00和04:00（UTC）四个时刻的方位平均切向风（a、c、e、g）和平均径向风（b、d、f、h）的空间分布

纵轴为垂直高度，横轴为经过近地面10 m最大切向风半径归一化后的半径。白色实线为各个高度上最大切向风出现位置归一化半径。

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图 6 模拟2017年8月23日02:00（UTC）的10 m风场（风矢，单位：m·s^-1）分布图

黑色“+”标志代表台风中心（113.98 °E，21.80 °N），黑色空心点代表最大风出现位置，红色方框代表所选择的距离台风中心不同距离的研究区域，黑色虚线圆圈分别代表 1.0 RMW和2.0 RMW所在位置。

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图 7 1.0 RMW位置最大风出现方位（a）、登陆前沿方位（b）、越过半岛后重新进入海洋方位（c）和离岸海洋方位（d）的切向扰动风速

四个方位如图 6红色实线方框所示，从左到右依次顺序为100 m、400 m、700 m和1 000 m高度的结果。

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图 8 1.0 RMW位置不同高度上获得的切向扰动风速能谱

a. 100 m；b. 400 m；c. 700 m；d. 1 000 m。

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图 9 模拟的2 km以下沿最大风出现方位（a、e、i）、登陆前沿方位（b、f、j）、越过半岛后重新进入海洋方位（c、g、k）、离岸海洋方位（d、h、l）的平均湍流动能（单位：m²·s^-2）、剪切生成项（单位：m²·s^-3）和浮力项（单位：m²·s^-3）廓线

阴影部分代表同一高度层上各变量的标准差。

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图 10 模拟的2 km以下的沿最大风出现方位（a）、登陆前沿方位（b）、越过半岛后重新进入海洋方位（c）、离岸海洋方位（d）不同位置的平均理查森数垂直廓线

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图 11 模拟的2 km以下的沿最大风出现方位（a、e、i）、登陆前沿方位（b、f、j）、越过半岛后重新进入海洋方位（c、g、k）、离岸海洋方位（d、h、l）的平均切向动量通量（单位：m² ·s^-2）、径向动量通量（单位：m²·s^-2）和水汽通量（单位：g·kg^-1·m·s^-1）廓线

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图 12 模拟2 km以下的沿最大风出现方位（a）、登陆前沿方位（b）、越过半岛后重新进入海洋方位（c）和离岸海洋方位（d）的不同位置区域平均梯度力F（单位：m·s^-2）的径向—高度截面分布

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图 13 离岸海洋方位1.0 RMW位置上100 m（a）、400 m（b）、700 m（c）和1 000 m（d）的水汽通量（单位: g·kg^-1·m·s^-1) 空间分布；沿（a）中黑色虚线的垂直截面：水汽通量（填色）和扰动速度场（矢量，单位: m·s^-1)(e) 位温通量（填色，单位: K·m·s^-1)）和扰动速度场（矢量）（f）

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