2009—2013年暖季北京暴雨日水汽来源定量统计

陆婷婷; 崔晓鹏

doi:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2025.005

2009—2013年暖季北京暴雨日水汽来源定量统计

doi: 10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2025.005

陆婷婷^{1, 4, 5},
崔晓鹏^{1, 2, 3, 4, ,}

1.
中国科学院大气物理研究所云降水物理与强风暴科学院重点实验室，北京 100029
2.
南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心，江苏南京 210044
3.
中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所，辽宁沈阳 110166
4.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049
5.
宁波市气象台，浙江宁波 315000

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目 42075009

中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所基本科研业务费重点项目 2020SYIAEZD4

宁波市科技计划项目 2021S190

详细信息

通讯作者:
崔晓鹏，男，辽宁省人，研究员，主要从事中小尺度灾害性天气机理和预报方法研究。E-mail：xpcui@mail.iap.ac.cn

中图分类号: P44
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- 文章访问数: 10
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-13
- 修回日期: 2025-01-13
- 网络出版日期: 2025-05-17
- 刊出日期: 2025-02-20

Quantitative Analysis of Water Vapor Sources for Rainstorm Days in Beijing During Warm Seasons of 2009-2013

LU Tingting^{1, 4, 5},
CUI Xiaopeng^{1, 2, 3, 4
, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
2.
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
3.
Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, China
4.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
5.
Ningbo Meteorological Observatory, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315012, China

摘要

摘要: 本文使用FLEXPART轨迹追踪模式以及水汽来源定量贡献分析方法，分析揭示了2009-2013年暖季（5-9月）北京暴雨日的水汽源区、输送路径和源区定量贡献。结果表明，目标气块初始源地和运动轨迹分布广泛，所处高度较低的气块，由于其源自或途径水面，其水汽摄取能力更强；目标气块到达北京之前，经历了多次不同程度的水汽摄取和释放，其中，华北和华中及其沿海区域摄取和释放最为显著。暴雨日水汽主要来自我国中东部大陆及沿海，其中，华北和华中大陆及沿海地区贡献最大（65.8%），而亚洲西部-中国西北部-青藏高原地区（7.34%）和华南大陆及沿海（8.16%）贡献相当。目标气块从华北和华中大陆及沿海地区摄取的水汽总量最大，而在暴雨区释放部分仅占6.9%，但由于摄取总量巨大，对暴雨日贡献远高于其他区域；亚洲西部-中国西北部-青藏高原地区水汽摄取总量排在第二位，但沿途损失占比较高，然而由于摄取总量明显高于华南大陆及沿海，造成其与后者相当；华南大陆及沿海地区水汽摄取总量与俄罗斯南部-贝加尔湖附近地区相当，但由于相对较低的沿途损失率，造成前者水汽明显高于后者。
- FLEXPART模式 /
- 水汽来源定量分析方法 /
- 暴雨日 /
- 暖季
Abstract: With the help of the FLEXPART model as well as a quantitative analysis of water vapor source contribution, the present study investigated the water vapor sources, transport paths, and quantitative contribution to rainstorm events in Beijing during warm seasons (May-September) from 2009 to 2013. Key findings are as follows. Air parcels originated from widely distributed initial source regions with varying transport paths. Lower-altitude air parcels exhibited enhanced moisture uptake capacity, particularly those originating from or traversing water surfaces. Air parcels underwent multiple moisture uptake and release processes en route to Beijing, with the most pronounced exchanges occurring over the continental and coastal areas of Central China and North China. Dominant moisture contributions (65.8%) to Beijing rainstorms originated from the continental and coastal areas of Central and North China. Secondary contributions included Western Asia-Northwest China-Tibetan Plateau (7.34%) and South China continental/ coastal regions (8.16%). The total amount of water vapor absorbed by the target air parcel from the continental and coastal areas of North China and Central China was the largest. While the proportion of water vapor released in Beijing was only 6.9%, due to the huge amount of water vapor absorbed in the continental and coastal areas of Central and North China, the contribution of this area to the rainstorm days was much higher than that other areas. The Western Asia-Northwest China-Tibetan Plateau region ranked second in total moisture uptake but exhibited substantial transport losses, reducing its effective contribution to levels comparable with South China. Although the total amount of water vapor uptake in the continental and coastal areas of South China was equivalent to that in the south of Russia near Lake Baikal, due to the relatively low loss along the way, the contribution of water vapor of the former was significantly higher than that of the latter.
- FLEXPART model /
- quantitative analysis of water vapor source /
- rainstorm days /
- warm season

HTML全文

图 1 2009—2013年暖季（5—9月）北京地区暴雨日目标气块轨迹

彩色轨迹线：目标气块轨迹（间隔150条轨迹绘制）；黑色粗实线轨迹：聚类后轨迹；聚类数：7（红色数字表示每一类轨迹所占比例，单位：%）；轨迹颜色表示距离地表高度（单位：m）；紫色星号“*”表示轨迹初始点。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2009—2013年暖季北京地区暴雨日目标气块行进过程中的E-P图（单位：mm），其中，暖色调代表水汽净摄取，冷色调代表水汽净释放（降水）

黑色方框指示重点考察的水汽源区：阿拉伯海地区（A）, 印度半岛-孟加拉湾-中南半岛地区（B），中国南海（C），亚洲西部-中国西北部-青藏高原地区（D），华南大陆及沿海地区（E1），华北和华中大陆及沿海地区（E2），西北太平洋地区（F），俄罗斯南部和蒙古地区（G），以及北京降水区域（T，黄色方框）。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 2009—2013年暖季北京地区暴雨日各水汽源区对目标降水区域的贡献率

绿色直方图代表整层大气积分结果，橘色直方图为边界层内积分结果。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 2009—2013年暖季北京地区暴雨日各水汽源区整层大气（a）和边界层内（b）水汽总摄取量和不同组成部分占目标降水区水汽总释放量百分比的直方图

蓝色代表沿途损失部分，深蓝色代表在目标降水区域释放部分，土黄色代表到达目标区域但未释放部分；各直方图上面不同颜色数字代表不同组成部分占该源区水汽总摄取量的比例。

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 2009—2013年暖季（5—9月）北京地区暴雨日日数、每个暴雨日目标气块的平均数目以及所有暴雨日目标气块总数

日数/天平均目标气块数/个目标气块总数/个

暴雨日 45 923 41541

下载: 导出CSV

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