Characteristics of Autumnal Typhoons over the Western North Pacific During 2002-2021
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摘要: 基于中国气象局上海台风研究所台风年鉴资料,分析近二十年(2002—2021年)西北太平洋(WNP)秋季(9—11月)台风的频数、强度、位置、路径及其年际变化和季节内差异,以及登陆我国的秋季台风的风雨特点。结果表明,近二十年秋季WNP共生成201个台风(其中39个登陆我国,占比19.4%),以超强台风(25.9%)和强台风(21.9%)居多。2010年之前WNP秋季台风个数偏少(9.4个/年)、但登陆我国的比例较高(25.8%),之后转为个数偏多(10.5个/年)、但登陆我国比例下降(14.7%),总体趋势不显著。二十年间WNP每年秋季平均约1.95个台风登陆我国,其中强台风和超强台风占61.5%,年际变化呈现2010年之前偏多快变、之后偏少稳定的特征。秋季登陆我国的台风主要影响海南、广东、台湾,其最大观测风速和最大单站过程降雨量总体呈线性关系,即最大观测风速越大最大单站过程降雨量越强,但两者的趋势变化都不显著。相比而言,秋季登陆广东的台风最大观测风速最高、最大单站过程降雨量最强。Abstract: Utilizing the annual typhoon data from the Shanghai Typhoon Institute of the China Meteorological Administration, this study examined the frequency, intensity, location, track, interannual variation, and intra-seasonal differences of typhoons over the Western North Pacific (WNP) during autumn (September to November) from 2002 to 2021, with a focus on those making landfall in China and the features of heavy precipitation and strong wind observed during typhoon landing processes. The findings reveal that of the 201 typhoons formed in the WNP during autumn in these twenty years, 39 made landfall in China, representing 19.4% of the total and predominantly consisting of super typhoons (25.9%) and strong typhoons (21.9%). Before 2010, the number of autumnal typhoons was relatively low (9.4 per year), but the proportion of those making landfall in China was high (25.8%). After 2010, the annual number of typhoons increased (10.5 per year), but the proportion of those making landfall in China decreased (14.7%), with no significant overall trend. On average, about 1.95 typhoons made landfall in China each autumn, with super and strong typhoons together accounting for 61.5% of them. The interannual variation showed a pattern of rapid fluctuations before 2010, followed by a more stable and reduced number of landfalls after 2010. Autumnal typhoons that made landfall primarily affected Hainan, Guangdong, and Taiwan provinces, with the maximum observed wind speed and the maximum single-station rainfall generally exhibiting a linear correlation, implying that higher wind speeds correspond to heavier rainfall. However, the trends in both variables were not significant. In comparison, autumnal typhoons making landfall in Guangdong Province exhibited the highest maximum observed wind speed and the most intense single-station rainfall.
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表 1 2002—2021年WNP秋季台风逐月生成个数
月份 总数/个 年平均/个 占比/% 9月 91 4.6 45.3 10月 68 3.4 33.8 11月 42 2.1 20.9 秋季(9—11月) 201 10.1 - 表 2 2002—2021年WNP秋季台风强度统计
台风强度 总数/个 年平均/个 占比/% 热带风暴 39 1.95 19.4 强热带风暴 33 1.65 16.4 台风 33 1.65 16.4 强台风 44 2.2 21.9 超强台风 52 2.6 25.9 表 3 2002—2021年WNP秋季登陆我国的不同强度台风的频次
登陆台风强度 登陆台风数/个 年平均/个 占比% 9月 10月 11月 合计 热带风暴 5 2 0 7 0.35 17.9 强热带风暴 3 1 0 4 0.2 10.3 台风 2 1 1 4 0.2 10.3 强台风 7 2 1 10 0.5 25.6 超强台风 10 4 0 14 0.7 35.9 表 4 2002—2021年WNP秋季登陆我国的台风登陆地逐月统计
省份 登陆情况 9月/个 10月/个 11月/个 浙江 首次登陆 2 0 0 二次登陆 1 0 0 浙闽交界 首次登陆 0 0 0 二次登陆 0 1 0 福建 首次登陆 3 1 0 二次登陆 3 0 0 广东 首次登陆 6 3 0 二次登陆 1 1 0 广西 首次登陆 0 0 0 二次登陆 1 0 0 海南 首次登陆 9 4 1 二次登陆 0 0 0 台湾 首次登陆 7 2 1 二次登陆 0 0 0 -
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