Research on the Deadly Supercell Tornado in Guangzhou on 27 April 2024
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摘要: 利用广州不同波段双极化天气雷达及风廓线雷达等新型观测资料，研究分析2024年4月27日广州白云超级单体强龙卷的环境潜势及风暴结构特征。此次龙卷出现在西太平洋副热带高压及高原南侧西南风持续偏强的背景下，当日大气呈上干下湿的“喇叭状”层结，早上抬升凝结高度（LCL）很低约180 m，能量充沛（对流有效位能（CAPE）均值约为2500 J·kg-1，对流抑制（CIN）为0，0~3 km平均垂直风切变较大（17 m·s-1），具备利于强龙卷发生发展的能量和动力条件。造成此次龙卷的超级单体风暴发展时间长且反复多次增强，龙卷出现在两个峰值之间的相对低值时段，预报预警难度大。龙卷母体风暴的钩状回波和中气旋特征并具有“下降式”发展特征，受地面摩擦影响小，风暴发展更充分；母体风暴下沉气流形成冷池，最强冷池中心温度低至22 ℃，范围约30 km，冷池前侧与暖湿气流辐合处形成阵风锋，加强风暴底层的辐合抬升，使得中气旋到达地面后更加剧烈；龙卷发生前中气旋垂直涡度为0.026 s-1，龙卷涡旋特征（TVS）垂直涡度为0.46 s-1。此外，XPAR-D较CINRAD/SA-D捕捉到了清晰的TVS、龙卷碎片特征（TDS）等龙卷特征，以及低仰角钩状回波的精细演变过程，在实际业务中形成优势互补，能够更好地刻画局地强对流云团的发生发展，为短临预报预警提供重要的技术支撑。Abstract: Based on new-type observational data from dual-polarization radars with different bands and wind profile radars in Guangzhou, this study investigates the environmental conditions and storm structural characteristics of the deadly supercell tornado that occurred in Baiyun District, Guangzhou, on April 27, 2024.This tornado event deveoped under a persistently strong southwesterly wind on the southern side of the Tibetan Plateau and the influence of the Western Pacific Subtropical High.The atmospheric stratification profile exhibited a"trumpet-shaped"profile, characterized by dry upper levels and moist lower levels.The lifted condensation level (LCL) was remarkably low in the morning (approximately 180 m), accompanied by abundant energy (Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) of approximately 2500 J·kg-1 and Convective Inhibition (CIN) of 0 J·kg-1). Additionally, strong 0-3 km wind shear (17 m·s-1) further indicated favorable thermodynamic and dynamic conditions for the development of a severe tornado. The parent supercell responsible for the tornado exhibited a long lifecycle and underwent multiple intensification periods. The tornado occurred during a relatively quiescent period between two intensity peaks, posing significant challenges for forecasting and early warning.The parent storm displayed distinct hook echo and mesocyclone characteristics, with a "descending-type" developmental pattern. Due to minimal influence from surface friction, the storm developed more vigorously.The downdraft of the parent storm formed a cold pool, with the strongest center temperature dropping to 22 ℃ and a radius of approximately 30 km.A gust front at the leading edge of this cold pool enhanced low-level convergence and uplift, intensifying the mesocyclone as it approached the ground. Prior to the tornado, the vertical vorticity of the mesocyclone was 0.026 s-1, while the vertical vorticity of the Tornado Vortex Signature (TVS) reached 0.46 s-1.Furthermore, compared to the CINRAD/SA-D, the XPAR-D captured clearer tornado signatures, such as the TVS and the Tornado Debris Signature (TDS), as well as more detailed evolution of the low-elevation hook echo. In operational applications, these radars demonstrate complementary advantages, enabling more precise characterization of the development of local severe convective storms and providing crucial technical support for nowcasting and early warning.
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Key words:
- Guangzhou /
- severe tornado /
- supercell /
- dual-polarization radar
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图 3 2024年4月27日8:00—17:00广州增城微波辐射计及14:00—16:30黄埔风廓线雷达资料：温度廓线(a)、液态水廓线(b)、全风速与风羽图(c)、0~3 km风暴相对螺旋度SRH(d)
表 1 2024年4月27日08时清远、阳江探空站环境参数
参数 CAPE/(J·kg-1) CIN/(J·kg-1) K LCL/m-1 SRH(0~3 km)/(m2·s-2) shear(0~1km)/(m·s-1) shear(0~3km)/(m·s-1) 清远 2 050 0 38 214 391 7 18 阳江 2 848 0 34 150 433 11 16 
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